The General Social Survey (GSS) shows that many self-identified white adults continue to hold racial attitudes that can be regarded, collectively, as a persistent social problem. Similar to findings from the analysis of electoral surveys, the GSS also shows that these racial attitudes have more strongly predicted political behavior since 2012. However, and in contrast to group-identity interpretations of these patterns, the increase in predictive power since 2012 is attributable to a positive development: above and beyond the effects of cohort replacement, support for compensatory interventions to address black–white inequalities has increased substantially, whereas prejudice and bigotry have decreased slightly. Because these changes have been larger on the political left than on the political right, the attitudes have gained in overall predictive power.

中文翻译：

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偏见、偏执和对补偿性干预以解决黑白不平等的支持：来自 2006 年至 2020 年一般社会调查的证据

一般社会调查 (GSS) 表明，许多自我认同的白人成年人继续持有种族态度，这些态度总体上可以被视为一个持续存在的社会问题。与选举调查分析的结果类似，GSS 还表明，自 2012 年以来，这些种族态度更强烈地预测了政治行为。然而，与对这些模式的群体身份解释相反，自 2012 年以来预测能力的增加可归因于积极的发展：除了队列替换的影响之外，对解决黑白不平等的补偿性干预措施的支持大幅增加，而偏见和偏执略有减少。因为这些变化在政治左翼比在政治右翼更大，