Mergers are complex, and expected gains and success are highly dependent on different factors and drivers that affect supply chain efficiency. This paper describes a mathematical programming approach to address potential synergistic gains after horizontal mergers in the upstream Crude Oil Supply Chain (COSC). A supply chain optimization model is used to evaluate the extent to which economies of scope and economies of scale favorably impact potential mergers. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that determines the investment level and efficient implementation of operational strategies at shared services, as well as production and processing of oil and gas. A real case example from the oil and gas industry in the Middle East region is used to validate the model. The experimental studies examine three scenarios: merger under economies of scale, merger under economies of scope, and merger under the joint economies of scope and scale. Results reveal the impact of different operational strategies on potential synergistic gains. For this case study, computational results show that when only economies of scale are performed, the COSC fails to achieve the targeted cost/barrel (cost/bbl) after the merger. The joint performance of economies of scale and scope in reducing shared services costs at different supply chain echelons leads to a substantial synergy gain. It reduces the cost/bbl to below the target value.

合并是复杂的，预期收益和成功在很大程度上取决于影响供应链效率的不同因素和驱动因素。本文描述了一种数学规划方法，以解决上游原油供应链 (COSC) 横向合并后潜在的协同收益。供应链优化模型用于评估范围经济和规模经济对潜在合并的有利影响程度。该问题被表述为一个混合整数线性规划 (MILP) 模型，该模型决定了共享服务以及石油和天然气的生产和加工中的投资水平和运营策略的有效实施。一个来自中东地区石油和天然气行业的真实案例用于验证模型。实验研究考察了三种情景：规模经济下的合并、范围经济下的合并以及范围和规模联合经济下的合并。结果揭示了不同运营策略对潜在协同收益的影响。对于本案例研究，计算结果表明，当仅执行规模经济时，COSC 在合并后未能达到目标成本/桶（cost/bbl）。规模经济和范围经济在降低不同供应链梯队共享服务成本方面的共同表现导致了显着的协同效应。它将成本/桶降低到目标值以下。结果揭示了不同运营策略对潜在协同收益的影响。对于本案例研究，计算结果表明，当仅执行规模经济时，COSC 在合并后未能达到目标成本/桶（cost/bbl）。规模经济和范围经济在降低不同供应链梯队共享服务成本方面的共同表现导致了显着的协同效应。它将成本/桶降低到目标值以下。结果揭示了不同运营策略对潜在协同收益的影响。对于本案例研究，计算结果表明，当仅执行规模经济时，COSC 在合并后未能达到目标成本/桶（cost/bbl）。规模经济和范围经济在降低不同供应链梯队共享服务成本方面的共同表现导致了显着的协同效应。它将成本/桶降低到目标值以下。