Detection/non-detection data are increasingly collected in continuous time, e.g., via camera traps or acoustic sensors. Application of occupancy modeling approaches to these datasets typically requires discretizing the dataset to detections over individual days or weeks, which precludes analysis of temporal interactions between species or covariate relationships that change over fine temporal scales. To address this limitation, we developed a two-species occupancy model that assumes a temporal point process detection model. This model permits simultaneous analysis of species interactions in space (i.e., site occupancy) and time (i.e., activity patterns). The model is also capable of estimating the amount of time animals are available for detection, i.e., availability. We applied the model to detections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and coyote (Canis latrans) collected via camera trapping. We found evidence of both temporal and spatial interactions between deer and coyote. Detection intensity of deer was greater and proportionally more diurnal where coyotes were present. At hunted sites, coyotes were more likely to occur at sites where deer were also present (and vice versa). These results highlight how two-species occupancy models with a continuous-time detection process can be used to infer temporal interactions between species. Our approach broadens the set of questions ecologists can ask regarding both spatial and temporal interactions between species, as well as fine-scale temporal covariates (e.g., weather). Our model should be increasingly applicable given the increasing availability of ecological data collected in continuous time. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line

越来越多地以连续时间收集检测/非检测数据，例如，通过相机陷阱或声学传感器。将占用建模方法应用于这些数据集通常需要将数据集离散化以在几天或几周内进行检测，这排除了对物种之间的时间相互作用或在精细时间尺度上变化的协变量关系的分析。为了解决这个限制，我们开发了一个假设时间点过程检测模型的两种占用模型。该模型允许同时分析空间（即场地占用）和时间（即活动模式）中的物种相互作用。该模型还能够估计动物可用于检测的时间量，即可用性。我们将该模型应用于白尾鹿的检测（Odocoileus virginianus ) 和郊狼 ( Canis latrans) 通过相机陷印收集。我们发现了鹿和土狼之间时间和空间相互作用的证据。鹿的检测强度更大，并且在土狼存在的地方更昼夜。在狩猎地点，郊狼更有可能出现在鹿也存在的地点（反之亦然）。这些结果强调了如何使用具有连续时间检测过程的两种物种占用模型来推断物种之间的时间相互作用。我们的方法拓宽了生态学家可以就物种之间的空间和时间相互作用以及精细尺度时间协变量（例如天气）提出的问题。鉴于连续时间收集的生态数据的可用性越来越高，我们的模型应该越来越适用。本文随附的补充材料已在线发布