Establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) and MPA networks has increased globally following the passage of the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity in 2010. Known as the Aichi Target 11, this plan calls for the protection of 10% of coastal and marine environments by 2020. Despite an increase of global efforts to implement MPAs, and more recently MPA networks, to achieve the Aichi Target 11, there is limited peer-reviewed literature about lessons learned and insights for effective implementation and management. With California home to one of the largest, scientifically guided, stakeholder-driven, ecologically connected networks of MPAs in the world, this paper offers guidance to MPA managers and policy makers on points of consideration prior to, during, and following, MPA implementation. Topics and recommendations are based on lessons learned from the design and implementation of California’s MPA Management Program. Recommendations range from the importance of using relevant designations during MPA planning and implementation, flexibility in enforcement measures and scientific monitoring, as well as addressing overlapping governance and authorities, and early and continued public outreach and engagement. Broadly, establishing an adaptive management process to provide a responsive framework for potential management changes including a mechanism for evaluating the efficacy of a network of MPAs following establishment is critical. While management of California’s MPA Network continues to evolve, these insights can inform other MPA network planning and management efforts.

随着 2010 年《生物多样性公约》生物多样性战略计划的通过，全球海洋保护区 (MPA) 和 MPA 网络的建立有所增加。该计划被称为爱知目标 11，要求保护 10% 的沿海和海洋到 2020 年的环境。尽管全球努力实施海洋保护区以及最近的海洋保护区网络以实现爱知目标 11，但关于有效实施和管理的经验教训和见解的同行评议文献有限。加州拥有世界上最大的、科学指导的、利益相关者驱动的、生态连接的 MPA 网络之一，本文为 MPA 管理人员和政策制定者在 MPA 实施之前、期间和之后的考虑点提供了指导。主题和建议基于从加州 MPA 管理计划的设计和实施中吸取的经验教训。建议的范围包括在 MPA 规划和实施过程中使用相关名称的重要性、执法措施的灵活性和科学监测，以及解决重叠的治理和权力，以及早期和持续的公众宣传和参与。从广义上讲，建立一个适应性管理流程，为潜在的管理变化提供一个响应框架，包括一个在建立后评估海洋保护区网络有效性的机制，这一点至关重要。虽然加州 MPA 网络的管理不断发展，但这些见解可以为其他 MPA 网络规划和管理工作提供信息。