Seawater desalination has a strong potential for solving global water shortage problem, and solar-based evaporative desalination technology has received increased attention. For successful solar steam generation (SSG), solar energy should be utilized in a balanced manner through heat localization. In this study, we propose a sucrose‑carbonized sugar-templating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge sealed with ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) foam, called as C-STP sponge. The C-STP sponge consists of a double-layered porous structure with carbonaceous material on the top surface. The C-STP sponge exhibits high SSG performance in long-term operation with anti-salt fouling ability by its self-cleaning feature. Several factors governing the C-STP sponge were optimized by examining two different kinds of sugar with different porosity levels and carbonized layer thicknesses. The porous C-STP sponge has numerous micropores caused by sugar-leaching, thereby decreasing the thermal conductivity to improve the evaporation rate. The heat localization aspects of PDMS were also investigated. The highest solar evaporation was 1.53 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ during long-term operation up to water depletion. The C-STP sponge is easy to fabricate as a solar evaporator and has much room for enhancing solar evaporation efficiency in the future. This work on dual-insulation sponge-based SSG system will provide insights for practical applications.

海水淡化具有解决全球水资源短缺问题的强大潜力，太阳能蒸发淡化技术受到越来越多的关注。为了成功地产生太阳能蒸汽 (SSG)，应通过热定位以平衡的方式利用太阳能。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种用醋酸乙烯酯 (EVA) 泡沫密封的蔗糖碳化糖模板聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) 海绵，称为 C-STP 海绵。C-STP海绵由双层多孔结构组成，顶部表面有碳质材料。C-STP海绵在长期运行中表现出高SSG性能，具有自清洁功能，具有抗盐垢能力。通过检查具有不同孔隙率和碳化层厚度的两种不同糖，优化了控制 C-STP 海绵的几个因素。多孔C-STP海绵由于糖浸出而具有许多微孔，从而降低导热性以提高蒸发速率。还研究了 PDMS 的热定位方面。最高太阳蒸发量为 1.53 kg m^-2  h ^-1在长期运行期间直至水耗尽。C-STP海绵作为太阳能蒸发器易于制造，未来在提高太阳能蒸发效率方面还有很大空间。基于双绝缘海绵的 SSG 系统的这项工作将为实际应用提供见解。