With the rise of miniature energy harvesting, energy harvesting from the surrounding environment provides a new solution for the sensor’s power supply. Combining energy harvesting with the energy required by sensors has become a new research idea. Firstly, an accurate theoretical model of the voltage and displacement parameters is constructed based on the law of electromagnetic induction and the Lenz’s law. Then, the theoretical model is validated in COMSOL simulation software. The factors affecting the voltage and displacement parameters in the theoretical model are analyzed to verify the rationality of the theoretical model. Finally, the constructed electromagnetic displacement sensor prototype verifies the rationality and accuracy of the theoretical model of the sensor proposed in this paper. When the frequency is higher than 1Hz, the displacement measurement accuracy of the mathematical model proposed in this paper can best reach 98%. This shows that the proposed mathematical model for measuring displacement is suitable for scenarios with a frequency higher than 1 Hz. The induced voltage of the coil involved in this article is the open circuit voltage. Because there is no need to connect to an external circuit, the influence of the external circuit on the measurement accuracy can be effectively avoided. The theoretical model studied in this paper can directly use the relative motion of the magnet and the coil to directly replace the displacement parameters of the motion with the induced voltage generated. The research in this article can greatly reduce the cost of displacement sensors. It has a good energy-saving effect, which provides a new design idea for the design and construction of the sensor.

中文翻译：

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位移传感器与能量收集耦合：无线自供电位移检测方法的研究

随着微型能量收集的兴起，从周围环境收集能量为传感器的供电提供了新的解决方案。将能量收集与传感器所需的能量相结合已成为一种新的研究思路。首先，基于电磁感应定律和楞次定律，构建了准确的电压和位移参数理论模型。然后，在COMSOL仿真软件中对理论模型进行了验证。分析了理论模型中电压和位移参数的影响因素，验证了理论模型的合理性。最后，搭建的电磁位移传感器样机验证了本文提出的传感器理论模型的合理性和准确性。当频率高于1Hz时，本文提出的数学模型的位移测量精度最好可达98%。这表明所提出的测量位移的数学模型适用于频率高于1 Hz的场景。本文涉及的线圈感应电压为开路电压。由于无需连接外部电路，因此可以有效避免外部电路对测量精度的影响。本文研究的理论模型可以直接利用磁体和线圈的相对运动，直接用产生的感应电压代替运动的位移参数。本文的研究可以大大降低位移传感器的成本。具有良好的节能效果，为传感器的设计和构造提供了新的设计思路。