Wastewater treatment facilities typically transform nitrogen compounds into innocuous nitrogen. Phosphorous is partially recovered in biosolids while the potassium cycle in the treatment process is still not well mapped. This paper provides a mapping of the nutrients from household sources (urine, faeces and greywater) to wastewater in the traditional wastewater treatment plants. Following this mapping, the article critically reviews the nutrients recovery technologies, including their applicability at source (for urine) and centralised (for wastewater) levels, benchmarking, social acceptance, and techno-commercial assessments. Additionally, the paper has identified the current technological challenges and opportunities as well as suggested a several future recommendations for developing commercially viable nutrient recovery technologies from urine at source level and wastewater at wastewater treatment plants (centralised level). The high energy requirement, high cost and safety issues are some of the common challenges for most of the nutrient recovery technologies. However, anaerobic membrane bioreactor integrated with biochar or zeolite (for wastewater) and biosorption (for both urine and wastewater) can be highly attractive from those perspectives.

废水处理设施通常将氮化合物转化为无害的氮。磷在生物固体中部分回收，而处理过程中的钾循环仍未得到很好的映射。本文提供了从家庭来源（尿液、粪便和灰水）到传统废水处理厂废水的营养成分图。在此映射之后，本文批判性地回顾了养分回收技术，包括它们在源头（尿液）和集中（废水）水平、基准测试、社会接受度和技术商业评估方面的适用性。此外，该文件确定了当前的技术挑战和机遇，并提出了一些未来的建议，以开发商业上可行的从源头尿液和废水处理厂（集中式）废水中回收营养物的技术。高能量需求、高成本和安全问题是大多数养分回收技术面临的一些共同挑战。然而，从这些角度来看，结合生物炭或沸石（用于废水）和生物吸附（用于尿液和废水）的厌氧膜生物反应器可能非常有吸引力。