Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices. However, the high irreversibility and dead Li accumulation of the lithium metal anode caused by its fragile original solid electrolyte interface (SEI) seriously hinder the practical application of LMBs. Herein, a facile slurry-coating and one-step thermal fluorination reaction method is proposed to construct the 3D structural LiF-protected Li/G composite anode. The existence of a 3D LiF protection layer is convincingly confirmed and the function of the Li/G skeleton is discussed in detail. The 3D structural LiF protection layer results in superior electrochemical performance by improving the utilization of Li and suppressing the accumulation of dead Li in symmetric and full coin cells. Moreover, a 0.85 Ah pouch cell strictly following the parameters of the practical battery industry can work stably for 140 cycles with a gradual internal resistance increase. This novel Li/G composite anode indicates a promising strategy in lithium/carbon composite anodes for LMBs, and the facile thermal fluorination reaction method presented in this paper offers a new method for the construction of a 3D structural protection layer for lithium metal anodes.

中文翻译：

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用于高性能锂金属电池的具有 3D 结构 LiF 保护层的锂/石墨烯复合阳极

锂金属电池（LMB）是下一代储能设备的有希望的候选者。然而，锂金属负极由于其脆弱的原始固体电解质界面（SEI）导致的高不可逆性和死锂积累严重阻碍了LMBs的实际应用。本文提出了一种简便的浆料涂覆和一步热氟化反应方法来构建 3D 结构的 LiF 保护的 Li/G 复合负极。令人信服地证实了 3D LiF 保护层的存在，并详细讨论了 Li/G 骨架的功能。3D 结构的 LiF 保护层通过提高锂的利用率和抑制死锂在对称和全纽扣电池中的积累来实现优异的电化学性能。此外，一个 0。85Ah软包电池严格按照实际电池行业参数，可稳定工作140个循环，内阻逐渐增加。这种新型的Li/G复合负极为LMBs的锂/碳复合负极指明了一种有前景的策略，本文提出的简便的热氟化反应方法为构建锂金属负极的3D结构保护层提供了一种新方法。