This study examines a model for achieving democratic governance over police departments: regulatory intermediaries, where non-state actors are empowered with regulatory authority over public institutions. Drawing on a decade of transcripts from monthly public meetings held by the Chicago Police Board (September 2009–February 2021), this study finds, however, that regulatory intermediaries can regulate the public as much as it does the public institution. We identify three ways that the regulating public becomes the regulatory target: through (1) institutional rules, (2) hierarchized responses, and (3) norms of civility.

中文翻译：

---

监管中介和民主警务的挑战

本研究探讨了一种实现对警察部门的民主治理的模式：监管中介，非国家行为者被授权对公共机构进行监管。然而，根据芝加哥警察局（2009 年 9 月至 2021 年 2 月）举行的每月公开会议的十年记录，本研究发现，监管中介机构可以像对公共机构一样监管公众。我们确定了监管公众成为监管目标的三种方式：（1）制度规则，（2）等级化反应，以及（3）文明规范。