Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, investigation concerning the novel performances of 2D nanosheets embedded polymer composites have grown rapidly in various fields. In this article, we summarized the preparation of various 2D nanosheets, including graphene, MXene, hexagonal boron nitrides (h-BN), ferroelectric ceramic and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). We highlighted the effects of sizes, thicknesses, surface modifications and arrangements of the 2D nanosheets on the performance of polymer nanocomposites and the emergence of novel electric, thermal conductive, electromagnetic interference shielding and mechanical properties. Subsequently, the relationships between the specific structure of 2D nanosheets and polymer composites properties were discussed. Structure design of polymer composites containing 2D nanosheets is also evaluated and reviewed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges were discussed on the basis of their current developments. This article covers not only an overview of the state-of-the-art advances of 2D nanosheets filled polymer composites but also the future prospects that may open a new window to realize the tunable performance or multifunction of polymers by rationally using 2D nanosheets as reinforcements.

自 2004 年发现石墨烯以来，关于二维纳米片嵌入聚合物复合材料的新颖性能的研究在各个领域迅速发展。在本文中，我们总结了各种二维纳米片的制备，包括石墨烯、MXene、六方氮化硼（h-BN)、铁电陶瓷和过渡金属二硫化物 (TMD)。我们强调了二维纳米片的尺寸、厚度、表面改性和排列对聚合物纳米复合材料性能的影响，以及新型导电、导热、电磁干扰屏蔽和机械性能的出现。随后，讨论了二维纳米片的特定结构与聚合物复合材料性能之间的关系。还评估和审查了包含二维纳米片的聚合物复合材料的结构设计。最后，在当前发展的基础上讨论了前景和挑战。