Despite attempts in the broader literature to go beyond a binary classification of party-based Euroscepticism, Eurosceptic radical left parties are still generally divided into those advocating reform of the EU and those calling for an exit from the EU. The most notable exception is the classification proposed by Keith (2017), who distinguishes between Rejectionist, Conditional and Expansionist Euroscepticism. However, this article argues that a new form of left-wing Euroscepticism has emerged since 2016, which does not fit with any of the existing classifications. It is the position put forward by ‘Plan B for Europe’, a transnational initiative of radical left parties, which advocates a disobedient approach towards the EU that simultaneously aims for the reformation of the latter while preparing for a break from it. This is a novel type of party-based Euroscepticism that should supplement Keith's classification.

中文翻译：

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欧洲的 B 计划：“不听话的欧洲怀疑论”的诞生？

尽管在更广泛的文献中试图超越基于政党的欧洲怀疑主义的二元分类，但欧洲怀疑激进左翼政党仍普遍分为主张改革欧盟的政党和呼吁退出欧盟的政党。最值得注意的例外是 Keith (2017) 提出的分类，他区分了拒绝主义、条件主义和扩张主义欧洲怀疑主义。然而，本文认为，自 2016 年以来出现了一种新形式的左翼欧洲怀疑主义，它不符合任何现有的分类。这是激进左翼政党的跨国倡议“欧洲B计划”提出的立场，该倡议主张对欧盟采取不服从的态度，同时旨在改革后者，同时准备脱离它。