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Fertility Preferences and Outcomes in Morocco: Does Women's Empowerment Matter in Actual-ideal Gap?
Population Review ( IF 0.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-05
Chaimae Drioui, Fatima Bakass

Abstract:

In Morocco, the fertility transition process, like changes in fertility preferences, has been accompanied by a notable improvement in women's status. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of Moroccan women's empowerment on the actual-ideal gap, an indicator that measures the gap between two components, the number of surviving children and the ideal number of children, and hence on their ability to limit their fertility to this ideal. To build a good indicator of the empowerment, we used the SWPER composite index proposed in the literature, which is based on several dimensions, including participation in decision-making, attitude towards male violence, and other conventional measures of women's status such as education and participation in economic activity. The empirical examination was conducted using the Skellam method, which models difference between two Poisson variables. Data were derived from two national population and family health surveys conducted in 2004 and 2011. The results indicate that there is a plausible negative association between women's empowerment and the ideal number of children. However, the relationship with the number of surviving children is not always verified. The lack of a link between women's empowerment and the actual-ideal gap can hide a non-symmetric and equally strong effect on its two components. Moreover, in an advanced transition context, women's empowerment may not operate significantly on surviving fertility because of actual constraints like contraceptive efficiency and sex preferences.



中文翻译:

摩洛哥的生育偏好和结果:女性赋权在实际与理想的差距中是否重要?

摘要:

在摩洛哥,生育转变过程与生育偏好的变化一样,伴随着女性地位的显着改善。本文的目的是研究摩洛哥妇女赋权对实际-理想差距的影响,该指标衡量两个组成部分之间的差距,幸存儿童的数量和理想的儿童数量,从而影响她们限制的能力他们的生育能力达到了这个理想。为了建立一个良好的赋权指标,我们使用了文献中提出的 SWPER 综合指数,该指数基于多个维度,包括参与决策、对男性暴力的态度,以及其他衡量女性地位的常规指标,如教育和参与经济活动。使用 Skellam 方法进行实证检验,它模拟了两个泊松变量之间的差异。数据来自于 2004 年和 2011 年进行的两项全国人口和家庭健康调查。结果表明,妇女赋权与理想的儿童数量之间似乎存在负相关。然而,与幸存儿童数量的关系并不总是得到证实。妇女赋权与实际与理想之间的差距之间缺乏联系可能会掩盖对其两个组成部分的非对称和同样强烈的影响。此外,在高级转型背景下,由于避孕效率和性别偏好等实际限制因素,妇女赋权可能不会显着影响生育能力。数据来自于 2004 年和 2011 年进行的两项全国人口和家庭健康调查。结果表明,妇女赋权与理想的儿童数量之间似乎存在负相关。然而,与幸存儿童数量的关系并不总是得到证实。妇女赋权与实际与理想之间的差距之间缺乏联系可能会掩盖对其两个组成部分的非对称和同样强烈的影响。此外,在高级转型背景下,由于避孕效率和性别偏好等实际限制因素,妇女赋权可能不会显着影响生育能力。数据来自于 2004 年和 2011 年进行的两项全国人口和家庭健康调查。结果表明,妇女赋权与理想的儿童数量之间似乎存在负相关。然而,与幸存儿童数量的关系并不总是得到证实。妇女赋权与实际与理想之间的差距之间缺乏联系可能会掩盖对其两个组成部分的非对称和同样强烈的影响。此外,在高级转型背景下,由于避孕效率和性别偏好等实际限制因素,妇女赋权可能不会显着影响生育能力。与幸存儿童人数的关系并不总是得到证实。妇女赋权与实际与理想之间的差距之间缺乏联系可能会掩盖对其两个组成部分的非对称和同样强烈的影响。此外,在高级转型背景下,由于避孕效率和性别偏好等实际限制因素,妇女赋权可能不会显着影响生育能力。与幸存儿童人数的关系并不总是得到证实。妇女赋权与实际与理想之间的差距之间缺乏联系可能会掩盖对其两个组成部分的非对称和同样强烈的影响。此外,在高级转型背景下,由于避孕效率和性别偏好等实际限制因素,妇女赋权可能不会显着影响生育能力。

更新日期:2022-01-05
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