ABSTRACT

Mexico has dominated the international mango trade having high yields and excellent fruit quality. The use of soil, plant and environmental sensors can monitor plant hydric status and optimize water application. Linear resistance dendrometers were developed and installed in a high-density 8-year old commercial mango orchard during two seasons; 10 in 2019 and 40 in 2020. Stem diameter fluctuations were acquired every 10 minutes to obtain maximum diameter (MXD), minimum diameter (MND), morning slope (MS) and afternoon slope (AS). Mango stem response during flowering, fruit-fall and fruit-growth was analyzed after applying daily irrigation (DI) or reduced deficit irrigation (RDI). Yield was similar for both treatments, but water use efficiency was higher with deficit irrigation. A new variable known as negative integral (NI) was obtained from the dendrometer signature after adding all the values between 8:00 and 18:00. NI provided a stem shrinkage magnitude, peaks attributed to transpiration and slopes showing flow transport to and from the trunk. NI presented a high correlation of 0.85 against T7 during the flowering stage for RDI-1. If NI crossed zero, a severe stress was present; a high AS present in the evening, indicates nutrient solution provided to fruits. Fruit yield depends on panicle number and fruit-drop during the first production stages, being RDI-1 more efficient in retaining fruits.

摘要

墨西哥在国际芒果贸易中占据主导地位，产量高，果实品质优良。使用土壤、植物和环境传感器可以监测植物的含水状态并优化水的应用。线性电阻测树仪在两个季节开发并安装在一个高密度的 8 年商业芒果园；2019 年 10 次，2020 年 40 次。每 10 分钟获取一次茎直径波动，以获得最大直径 (MXD)、最小直径 (MND)、上午坡度 (MS) 和下午坡度 (AS)。在应用每日灌溉 (DI) 或减少亏缺灌溉 (RDI) 后，分析了开花、落果和果实生长期间芒果茎的反应。两种处理的产量相似，但缺水灌溉的用水效率更高。在将 8:00 和 18:00 之间的所有值相加后，从测树仪特征中获得了一个称为负积分 (NI) 的新变量。NI 提供了茎干收缩幅度、归因于蒸腾作用的峰值和显示进出树干的流量传输的坡度。在 RDI-1 的开花阶段，NI 与 T7 的相关性为 0.85。如果 NI 过零，则表示存在严重的压力；晚上存在的高 AS 表示提供给水果的营养液。果实产量取决于第一个生产阶段的穗数和落果量，RDI-1 更有效地保留果实。在 RDI-1 的开花阶段，NI 与 T7 的相关性为 0.85。如果 NI 过零，则表示存在严重的压力；晚上存在的高 AS 表示提供给水果的营养液。果实产量取决于第一个生产阶段的穗数和落果量，RDI-1 更有效地保留果实。在 RDI-1 的开花阶段，NI 与 T7 的相关性为 0.85。如果 NI 过零，则表示存在严重的压力；晚上存在的高 AS 表示提供给水果的营养液。果实产量取决于第一个生产阶段的穗数和落果量，RDI-1 更有效地保留果实。