A broad family of two-dimensional (2D) materials - carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides of early transition metals, called MXenes, became a newcomer in the flatland at the turn of 2010 and 2011 (over ten years ago). Their unique physicochemical properties made them attractive for many applications, highly boosting the development of various fields, including biotechnological. However, MXenes’ functional features that impact their bioactivity and toxicity are still not fully well understood. This study discusses the essentials for MXenes’s surface modifications toward their application in modern biotechnology and nanomedicine. We survey modification strategies in context of cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and most prospective applications ready to implement in medical practice. We put the discussion on the material-structure-chemistry-property relationship into perspective and concentrate on overarching challenges regarding incorporating MXenes into nanostructured organic/inorganic bioactive architectures. It is another emerging group of materials that are interesting from the biomedical point of view as well. Finally, we present an influential outlook on the growing demand for future research in this field.

广泛的二维 (2D) 材料家族 - 早期过渡金属的碳化物、氮化物和碳氮化物，称为 MXenes，在 2010 年和 2011 年之交（十多年前）成为平地的新人。它们独特的物理化学特性使其在许多应用中具有吸引力，极大地促进了包括生物技术在内的各个领域的发展。然而，影响其生物活性和毒性的 MXenes 的功能特征仍未得到充分了解。本研究讨论了 MXenes 对其在现代生物技术和纳米医学中的应用进行表面改性的要点。我们调查了细胞毒性、生物相容性和准备在医疗实践中实施的大多数前瞻性应用的修改策略。我们对材料-结构-化学-性质关系的讨论进行了透视，并专注于将 MXenes 纳入纳米结构有机/无机生物活性结构的总体挑战。从生物医学的角度来看，这也是另一组有趣的新兴材料。最后，我们对该领域未来研究不断增长的需求提出了一个有影响力的展望。