Studies examining gender and creative performance ratings have offered mixed results. The current meta-analysis integrates insights from gender role theories (Eagly, 1987; Eagly & Karau, 2002) with Woodman et al. (1993) interactionist perspective of creativity to identify factors that explain these observed inconsistencies across studies. Cumulating decades of research from 259 independent studies (N = 79,915), we find a male advantage in creative performance (δ = .13). An examination of contextual moderators reveals that this gender gap is contingent on several social and cultural factors. We observe a decline in the creativity gender gap when the country-level cultural context of the sample is communal and an increase when it is agentic. Results also show that the gender disparity declined over time, but industry gender composition did not influence the gender gap. Interestingly, we find that the gender gap is larger when creative performance is self- versus other-reported. Finally, methodological contingency factors such as publication status, study setting, creativity type, and occupational creativity requirements were also assessed. Overall, our findings clarify gender's relationship with creative performance and underscore the importance of undertaking contingency-based approaches in future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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对创意表现中性别差异的荟萃分析检查。


考察性别和创意表现评级的研究得出的结果好坏参半。当前的荟萃分析整合了性别角色理论（Eagly，1987；Eagly & Karau，2002）和 Woodman 等人的见解。 (1993) 创造力的相互作用主义视角，以确定解释这些研究中观察到的不一致的因素。经过 259 项独立研究 (N = 79,915) 数十年的研究积累，我们发现男性在创造性表现方面具有优势 (δ = .13)。对背景调节者的检查表明，这种性别差距取决于几个社会和文化因素。我们观察到，当样本的国家层面的文化背景是公共的时，创造力的性别差距会缩小，而当样本的文化背景是代理的时，创造力的性别差距会增加。结果还表明，性别差距随着时间的推移而缩小，但行业性别构成并未影响性别差距。有趣的是，我们发现，当创造性表现是自我报告与他人报告时，性别差距更大。最后，还评估了方法论的偶然因素，如发表状态、研究环境、创造力类型和职业创造力要求。总体而言，我们的研究结果阐明了性别与创造性表现的关系，并强调了在未来研究中采用基于偶然事件的方法的重要性。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。