ABSTRACT

Agronomic and chemical parameters of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) with respect to the effects of different rates of fertiliser and of net shading were evaluated in a plantation that was in the fifth and sixth year of cultivation. Two commercial organic fertilisers, Fertor and Siforga, were applied at four rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 t ha⁻¹), and shading was applied with two types of green polyethylene shading nets, retaining 30% and 50% of sunlight, respectively. Among the pomological characteristics, the clearest difference was observed for the number of clusters, which, in the second year, was significantly increased by both factors. The number of clusters was shown to have the highest correlation with the yield of berries. In the first year, only the higher rates of fertilisation affected the yields, but in the second year, the yields were significantly increased by all of the fertiliser treatments, compared with the control. For metabolic parameters such as dry matter, soluble solids, titratable acidity, sugars and ascorbic acid, the effects of the treatments were inconsistent. Only the highest rates of the fertilisers and the dark net had significant positive effects on the total phenolics. The concentrations of hyperoside in fruit from the shaded shrubs were significantly higher than in the control, with a similar pattern also for isoquercetin, but only for the dark net. Concentrations of the other individual phenolic compounds differed only slightly.

摘要

在种植第 5 年和第 6 年的种植园中评估了苦莓 ( Aronia melanocarpa ) 的农艺和化学参数对不同施肥率和净遮荫效果的影响。两种商业有机肥料 Fertor 和 Siforga 以四种施用量（0.5、1.0、1.5 和 2.0 t ha ^-1)，并使用两种类型的绿色聚乙烯遮阳网进行遮阳，分别保留 30% 和 50% 的阳光。在果树学特征中，观察到簇数的最明显差异，在第二年，这两个因素显着增加。簇的数量与浆果的产量具有最高的相关性。在第一年，只有较高的施肥率影响产量，但在第二年，与对照相比，所有施肥处理均显着提高了产量。对于干物质、可溶性固体、可滴定酸度、糖和抗坏血酸等代谢参数，处理的效果不一致。只有最高比例的肥料和暗网对总酚有显着的积极影响。阴影灌木果实中金丝桃苷的浓度显着高于对照，异槲皮素也具有相似的模式，但仅适用于暗网。其他单独的酚类化合物的浓度仅略有不同。