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The stratigraphy of Zechstein strata in the East European Craton of Poland: an overview
Geological Quarterly ( IF 0.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-31 , DOI: 10.7306/gq.1617
Tadeusz Marek Peryt, Leszek Skowroński

The sedimentary and stratigraphic patterns established for Zechstein of the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise (and in particular the eastern Łeba Elevation) were applied to other parts of the East European Craton (EEC) in Poland: the eastern Baltic Syneclise and the Podlasie region. A very large number of mostly fully-cored borehole sections in the Puck Bay region certainly predestines the eastern Łeba Elevation area to use it as a model. The most part of the EEC, except of its part adjacent to the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone, during the Zechstein deposition represents the marginal parts of the basin. The fauna occurring in the Zechstein carbonate deposits of the EEC makes it possible to distinguish between the Zechstein Limestone and the younger carbonate strata, but certainly not between the Main Dolomite and the Platy Dolomite and hence the facies models for the Zechstein that have been previously developed in the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise augmented by sequence stratigraphic approach seem to be the best tool to apply in other peripheral areas in the EEC area. The Zechstein sequence in the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise consists, in general terms, of three parts: (1) carbonate platform of the Zechstein Limestone (occurring only in the north-westernmost corner of the study area and passing into basin facies dominant in the most part of the area); (2) the PZ1 evaporite platform system composed of sulphate platforms and adjacent basin system and constituting the major part of the Zechstein sequence; and (3) the Upper Anhydrite-PZ3 cover. There is a consensus, as far as the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise is concerned, that the Platy Dolomite platform is wider than the Main Dolomite platform. In the easternmost part of the Peribaltic Syneclise, the stratigraphical interpretations are diverse. We have included the anhydrite overlying the Zechstein Limestone into the Upper Anhydrite, and concluded that the overlying interbedded mudstone and anhydrite also belong to the Upper Anhydrite. When above the Upper Anhydrite one carbonate unit occurs, it is assigned either to the Main Dolomite and Platy Dolomite, or to the Platy Dolomite. The same conclusion is proposed for the marginal parts of the Podlasie Bay. The deposition of Zechstein Limestone resulted in the origin of carbonate platforms along the basin margins which changed an inherited topographic setting. The Lower Anhydrite deposits are lowstand systems tracts (LST) deposits, lacking in more marginal parts of the western and eastern Peribaltic Syneclise and in the major part of the Podlasie Bay. The accommodation space existed and/or created during the Lower Anhydrite and the Oldest Halite deposition in the Baltic and Podlasie bays was filled and at the onset of the Upper Anhydrite deposition, a roughly planar surface existed except in the area adjacent to the main Polish basin. The Upper Anhydrite deposits are transgressive systems tracts deposits and then highstand systems tracts deposits and they encroached the Zechstein Limestone platforms. The Upper Anhydrite deposition was terminated by sea level fall, and the Upper Anhydrite deposits in the marginal areas became subject to karstification. The Main Dolomite transgression took place in several phases but its maximum limit did not reach the Upper Anhydrite limit. The deposition of the PZ2 chlorides (LST deposits) resulted in the filling of the accommodation space that was inherited after the deposition of the Main Dolomite and the Basal Anhydrite. Subsequently, the area became exposed, and marine deposits (Grey Pelite and Platy Dolomite) related to the last major transgression during the life of the Zechstein basin that resulted in a flooding of the exposed surface of older Zechstein deposits, including the area that was emergent during deposition of the PZ2 cycle. Microbial carbonates, being stromatolites and thrombolites, are a common feature of all Zechstein carbonate units but in particular this is the case of the Platy Dolomite. There are no direct premises allowing for convincing settlement doubts regarding the stratigraphical position of the upper carbonate unit in many cases, but several lines of evidence suggest that, as in the entire Zechstein basin, the Main Dolomite considerably shifted basinward, and the Platy Dolomite – landward, although it is difficult to ascertain whether the original Platy Dolomite extent was similar to or greater than the limit of the Zechstein Limestone as elsewhere in the Zechstein Basin.



中文翻译:

波兰东欧克拉通Zechstein地层的地层学:概述

为波罗的海Syneclise西部(特别是东部Łeba高程)的Zechstein建立的沉积和地层模式适用于波兰东欧克拉通(EEC)的其他地区:东部波罗的海Syneclise和Podlasie地区。Puck Bay 地区的大量大部分已完全取芯的钻孔剖面肯定注定东部 Łeba 高程地区将其用作模型。在 Zechstein 沉积期间,除了与 Teisseyre-Tornquist 带相邻的部分之外,EEC 的大部分区域代表了盆地的边缘部分。EEC 的 Zechstein 碳酸盐沉积物中出现的动物群使得区分 Zechstein 石灰岩和较年轻的碳酸盐地层成为可能,但肯定不在主白云岩和板状白云岩之间,因此以前在波罗海西尼克利斯西部开发的 Zechstein 相模型通过层序地层学方法增强似乎是应用于其他外围地区的最佳工具欧共体地区。波波罗海西尼克利斯西段的 Zechstein 层序一般由三部分组成: (1) Zechstein 石灰岩碳酸盐台地(仅出现在研究区的最西北角,进入盆地相中占主导地位)大部分地区);(2) PZ1蒸发岩台地体系,由硫酸盐台地和相邻盆地体系组成,构成Zechstein层序的主要部分;(3) 上硬石膏-PZ3 盖板。有共识,就 Peribaltic Synneclise 的西部而言,Platy 白云岩台地比主白云岩台地宽。在 Peribaltic Syneclise 的最东部,地层解释是多种多样的。我们将 Zechstein 石灰岩上覆的硬石膏归入上硬石膏,得出上覆泥岩与硬石膏互层也属于上硬石膏的结论。当在上硬石膏之上出现一个碳酸盐单元时,它要么归属于主白云岩和板状白云岩,要么归属于板状白云岩。对波德拉西湾的边缘部分也提出了同样的结论。Zechstein 石灰岩的沉积导致沿盆地边缘形成碳酸盐台地,从而改变了继承的地形环境。下硬石膏矿床是低水位系统域 (LST) 矿床,缺乏在环波罗的西部和东部的较边缘部分以及 Podlasie 湾的主要部分。在波罗的海和波德拉西湾的下硬石膏和最古老的石盐沉积过程中存在和/或创造了可容纳空间,在上硬石膏沉积开始时,除了与波兰主要盆地相邻的区域外,存在一个大致平坦的表面. 上硬石膏矿床是海侵体系域矿床,然后是高位体系域矿床,它们侵占了 Zechstein 石灰岩台地。上硬石膏沉积因海平面下降而终止,边缘地区上硬石膏沉积发生岩溶作用。主要白云岩海侵发生在几个阶段,但其最大极限没有达到硬石膏上限。PZ2氯化物(LST沉积物)的沉积导致主白云石和基底硬石膏沉积后继承的容纳空间被填充。随后,该区域暴露在外,海洋沉积物(Grey Pelite 和 Platy Dolomite)与 Zechstein 盆地生命周期中的最后一次主要海侵有关,导致较老的 Zechstein 沉积物(包括新兴区域)的裸露表面被洪水淹没在 PZ2 循环的沉积过程中。微生物碳酸盐,即叠层石和凝块石,是所有 Zechstein 碳酸盐单元的共同特征,但尤其是板状白云石的情况。

更新日期:2022-01-14
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