Diagnosis of disease at an early, curable, and reversible stage allows more conservative treatment and better patient outcomes. Fluorescence biosensing is a widely used method to detect biomarkers, which are early indicators of disease. Importantly, biosensing requires a high level of sensitivity. Traditionally, these sensors use antibodies or enzymes as biorecognition molecules; however, these can lack the specificity required in a clinical setting, limiting their overall applicability. Aptamers are short, single stranded nucleotides that are receiving increasing attention over traditional recognition molecules. These exhibit many advantages, such as high specificity, making them promising for ultrasensitive biosensors. Metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) utilizes plasmonic materials, which can increase the sensitivity of label-based fluorescent biosensors. The fluorescence enhancement achieved by placing metallic nanostructures in close proximity to fluorophores allows for detection of ultra-low biomarker concentrations. Plasmonic biosensors have been successfully implemented as diagnostic tools for a number of diseases, such as cancer, yet reproducible systems exhibiting high specificity and the ability to multiplex remain challenging. Similarly, while aptasensors have been extensively reported, few systems currently incorporate MEF, which could drastically improve biosensor sensitivity. Here, we review the latest advancements in the field of aptamer biosensing based on MEF that have been explored for the detection of a wide variety of biological molecules. While this emerging biosensing technology is still in its infant stage, we highlight the potential challenges and its clinical potential in early diagnosis of diseases.

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基于金属增强荧光平台的适体生物传感：一种很有前景的诊断工具

在早期、可治愈和可逆的阶段诊断疾病​​允许更保守的治疗和更好的患者结果。荧光生物传感是一种广泛使用的检测生物标志物的方法，生物标志物是疾病的早期指标。重要的是，生物传感需要高度的灵敏度。传统上，这些传感器使用抗体或酶作为生物识别分子；然而，这些可能缺乏临床环境所需的特异性，从而限制了它们的整体适用性。适体是短的单链核苷酸，与传统识别分子相比，它越来越受到关注。这些表现出许多优点，例如高特异性，使它们有希望用于超灵敏生物传感器。金属增强荧光 (MEF) 利用等离子体材料，这可以提高基于标记的荧光生物传感器的灵敏度。通过将金属纳米结构靠近荧光团而实现的荧光增强允许检测超低的生物标志物浓度。等离子生物传感器已成功用作多种疾病（如癌症）的诊断工具，但表现出高特异性和多重能力的可重复系统仍然具有挑战性。同样，虽然适体传感器已被广泛报道，但目前很少有系统采用 MEF，这可以显着提高生物传感器的灵敏度。在这里，我们回顾了基于 MEF 的适配体生物传感领域的最新进展，这些进展已被探索用于检测各种生物分子。