One-dimensional nanostructures commonly refer to nanomaterials with a large length-to-diameter ratio, such as nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanopillars. The nanoscale lateral dimensions and high aspect ratios of these (quasi) one-dimensional nanostructures result in fascinating optical and electrical properties, including strongly anisotropic optical absorption, controlled directionality of light emission, confined charge-carrier transport and/or ballistic transport, which make one-dimensional nanostructures ideal building blocks for applications in highly integrated photonic, electronic, and optoelectronic systems. In this article, we review recent developments of very high (terahertz) frequency devices based on these one-dimensional nanostructures, particularly focusing on carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires. We discuss state-of-the-art nanomaterials synthesis, device-fabrication techniques, device-operating mechanisms, and device performance. The combination of nanotechnology and terahertz science is a nascent research field which has created advanced THz sources, detectors, and modulators, leading to terahertz systems with extended functionalities. The goal of this article is to present the up-to-date worldwide status of this field and to highlight the current challenges and future opportunities.

中文翻译：

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一维纳米结构在太赫兹频率器件中的应用

一维纳米结构通常是指长径比较大的纳米材料，如纳米线、纳米管、纳米棒、纳米柱等。这些（准）一维纳米结构的纳米级横向尺寸和高纵横比导致了迷人的光学和电学特性，包括强各向异性光吸收、光发射的受控方向性、受限电荷载流子传输和/或弹道传输，这使得一维纳米结构是高度集成的光子、电子和光电系统应用的理想构建块。在本文中，我们回顾了基于这些一维纳米结构的甚高频（太赫兹）设备的最新发展，特别关注碳纳米管和半导体纳米线。我们讨论了最先进的纳米材料合成、设备制造技术、设备操作机制和设备性能。纳米技术和太赫兹科学的结合是一个新兴的研究领域，它创造了先进的太赫兹源、检测器和调制器，从而形成具有扩展功能的太赫兹系统。本文的目的是介绍该领域的最新全球状况，并强调当前的挑战和未来的机遇。