Abstract

The problem of tritiated wastewater treatment is a pressing challenge in many countries. The principal man-made sources of tritium are nowadays represented by nuclear reactors of different applications, as well as plants for processing spent nuclear fuel. This article presents a review of literature data dedicated to the problems of formation of tritium in nuclear energy installations of various types, as well as to the methods for its extraction. The purification of water flows from tritium is only possible with the use of physicochemical methods for separation of hydrogen isotopes, the most promising ones being water distillation under vacuum and chemical isotope exchange between hydrogen and water. We provide a review of literature data in the field of refinement of contact devices for performance of isotope exchange with the use of these methods. Also, we analyze the proposed methods for detritiation of light and heavy water from technological and ecological viewpoints.

中文翻译：

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技术水流脱粒领域的研究现状：综述

摘要

氚化废水处理问题是许多国家面临的紧迫挑战。如今，主要的人造氚来源以不同应用的核反应堆以及处理乏核燃料的工厂为代表。本文综述了专门研究各种类型核能装置中氚形成问题及其提取方法的文献数据。只有使用物理化学方法分离氢同位素，才能从氚中纯化水流，最有前途的方法是真空下的水蒸馏和氢与水之间的化学同位素交换。我们提供了对使用这些方法进行同位素交换性能的接触装置的改进领域的文献数据的回顾。此外，我们从技术和生态的角度分析了所提出的轻水和重水的粉碎方法。