ABSTRACT

Maintaining phosphorus (P) supply for plants or reducing P mobility is critical to sustainable agricultural production and the environment. However, substituting long-term chemical fertilizer with a fraction of (i.e. partial substitution) manure and its effect on soil P surplus and P fractionation have not been widely studied. An eight-year protected field study with no fertilization (NF), chemical fertilizer substituted with no manure (NS), partial manure (40%, PS), and total manure (100%, TS) combined with multiple P characterization methods were conducted to examine P pools and stability in alkaline soil. NS, PS, and TS have the same input amount of nutrients. It showed that PS treatment lowered the annual P surplus by 6.21% and 11.2% compared with NS and TS, respectively, maintaining optimal P input–output balance and vegetable yields. TS decreased total P_o by 31.9% and stable Ca-associated P by 21.1%, while increased labile organic P, compared with NS. The labile P in PS was at a moderate level compared with NS and TS treatments, which not only maintained the soil labile P pools but also reduced P leaching risk. Therefore, partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with manure leads to an optimal level of nutrients for vegetable production.

摘要

维持植物的磷 (P) 供应或减少磷的流动性对于可持续农业生产和环境至关重要。然而，用少量（即部分替代）粪肥替代长期化肥及其对土壤磷剩余和磷分馏的影响尚未得到广泛研究。采用不施肥（NF）、化肥代肥（NS）、部分施肥（40%，PS）和全施肥（100%，TS）结合多种磷表征方法进行为期八年的保护地研究检查碱性土壤中的磷库和稳定性。NS、PS、TS的营养素输入量相同。结果表明，与 NS 和 TS 相比，PS 处理使年磷盈余分别降低了 6.21% 和 11.2%，保持了最佳的磷投入产出平衡和蔬菜产量。_{与 NS 相比， o}增加了 31.9%，稳定的 Ca 相关 P 增加了 21.1%，同时增加了不稳定的有机 P。与 NS 和 TS 处理相比，PS 中的不稳定磷处于中等水平，这不仅保持了土壤不稳定磷库，而且降低了磷淋失风险。因此，用粪肥部分替代化肥可以使蔬菜生产的养分达到最佳水平。