With expanding human uses of sea space, the role of marine/maritime spatial planning (MSP) in supporting their sustainable co-existence and synergies, while preserving marine ecosystems, becomes an increasingly challenging task. To address the sustainable exploitation of sea resources, and the optimal use of sea space, the concept of Multi-Use (MU) has been introduced. Despite international examples of successfully applied multi-uses, this concept is still new for Bulgaria, its decision-makers, spatial planners and stakeholders. While competing needs for sea space can result in conflicts, they may also lead to mutual benefits for different sectors, when sustainable combinations are properly foreseen in MSP. This paper is aimed at investigating the opportunity for development of one multi-use combination involving Tourism, Underwater Cultural Heritage & Environmental Protection in Bulgaria. Based on desk research and active stakeholder engagement, the study identifies the main drivers and barriers of multi-use, the expected benefits (added values) of its implementation, and its potential negative impacts. Furthermore, recommendations are proposed to overcome the identified barriers and impacts with the support of MSP and to further exploit multi-use potential at the local, regional (subnational), national and cross-border levels.

随着人类对海洋空间的使用不断扩大，海洋/海洋空间规划 (MSP) 在支持其可持续共存和协同作用，同时保护海洋生态系统方面的作用变得越来越具有挑战性。为了解决海洋资源的可持续开发和海洋空间的优化利用，引入了多用途（MU）的概念。尽管在国际上有成功应用多用途的例子，但对于保加利亚、其决策者、空间规划者和利益相关者来说，这一概念仍然是新的。虽然对海洋空间的竞争需求可能会导致冲突，但如果 MSP 中适当地预见了可持续的组合，它们也可能导致不同部门的互惠互利。本文旨在调查一种涉及旅游业的多用途组合的发展机会，保加利亚的水下文化遗产与环境保护。基于案头研究和积极的利益相关者参与，该研究确定了多用途的主要驱动因素和障碍、其实施的预期收益（附加值）及其潜在的负面影响。此外，建议在 MSP 的支持下克服已确定的障碍和影响，并进一步开发地方、区域（次国家）、国家和跨境层面的多用途潜力。