Dissociation of quarkonium in quark–gluon plasma (QGP) is a long standing topic in relativistic heavy-ion collisions because it has been believed to signal one of the fundamental natures of the QGP — Debye screening due to the liberation of color degrees of freedom. Among recent new theoretical developments is the application of open quantum system framework to quarkonium in the QGP. Open system approach enables us to describe how dynamical as well as static properties of QGP influences the time evolution of quarkonium in a coherent way.

Currently, there are several master equations for quarkonium corresponding to various scale assumptions, each derived in different theoretical frameworks. In this review, all of the existing master equations are systematically rederived as Lindblad equations in a unified framework. Also, as one of the most relevant descriptions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, quantum Brownian motion of heavy quark pair in the QGP is studied in detail. The quantum Brownian motion is parametrized by a few fundamental quantities of QGP such as real and imaginary parts of heavy quark potential (complex potential), heavy quark momentum diffusion constant, and thermal dipole self-energy constant, which constitute in-medium self-energy of a static quarkonium. This indicates that the yields of quarkonia such as $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$ in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions have the potential to determine these fundamental quantities.

夸克-胶子等离子体 (QGP) 中的夸克离解是相对论重离子碰撞中长期存在的话题，因为它被认为标志着 QGP 的基本性质之一——由于颜色自由度的解放而导致的德拜筛选。最近的新理论发展之一是将开放量子系统框架应用于 QGP 中的夸克元素。开放系统方法使我们能够描述 QGP 的动态和静态特性如何以连贯的方式影响夸孔的时间演化。

目前，有几个与各种尺度假设相对应的夸昆主方程，每个方程都在不同的理论框架中推导出来。在这篇综述中，所有现有的主方程都被系统地重新推导为统一框架中的 Lindblad 方程。此外，作为相对论重离子碰撞中最相关的描述之一，QGP中重夸克对的量子布朗运动被详细研究。量子布朗运动被QGP的几个基本量参数化，如重夸克势（复势）的实部和虚部、重夸克动量扩散常数和热偶极子自能常数，它们构成了中自能的静态夸克。这表明夸克尼亚的产量如$Ĵ/\psi$ 和 ${\rm Y}$在相对论重离子碰撞中有可能确定这些基本量。