Anthropogenic-induced deterioration of soil health remains a global problem, resulting in a diminished productivity of agroecosystems. In order to improve soil quality, we investigated the impact of phosphorus biofertilizer on the microbiological parameters of soil (type Brunic Arenosol) degraded as a result of inappropriate cultivation and fertilization, characterized by low pH and decrease in K and Mg content. Two-year field experiment included control treatment (FC) without microbial enrichment and FA100 (fertilizer amendment at optimal dose) and FA60 (fertilizer amendment at 40% reduced dose) treatments containing beneficial microorganisms. The results showed that the biofertilizer enhanced soil enzymatic activity (as expressed by the increased activities of urease, protease, acid phosphomonoesterase, and β-glucosidase), increased number of operational taxonomic units associated with metabolic processes (including phosphorus related pathways and degradation of xenobiotics), improved crop yield, increased bacterial diversity, and changed the quantity of phytoavailable phosphorus in the soil. Biofertilizer also stimulated the occurrence of plant growth promoting microorganisms involved in phosphorus biotransformations, decomposition of organic matter, nitrogen fixation, and protection plants against pathogens. Next generation sequencing (NGS) and Biolog analyses showed that the composition of soil microbiome was affected also by soil sampling time, suggesting seasonal variations in the preferred carbon sources and level of C-substrates utilization, and pointing the differences in the relative abundance of individual microbial groups at particular stages of the experiment. Taking into consideration the improvement of microbiological indicators of soil health, phosphorus biofertilizer seems to be effective approach to implement in sustainable agriculture linking soil microbiome quality with the general soil condition.

中文翻译：

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细菌和真菌群落的组成、活性和多样性对降解的布鲁尼克阿里诺醇中富含有益微生物的磷肥的响应

人为引起的土壤健康恶化仍然是一个全球性问题，导致农业生态系统的生产力下降。为了改善土壤质量，我们研究了磷生物肥对土壤（Brunic Arenosol 型）因耕作和施肥不当而退化的微生物参数的影响，其特点是pH 值低，K 和Mg 含量降低。为期两年的田间试验包括不进行微生物富集的对照处理 (FC) 和含有有益微生物的 FA100（最佳剂量的肥料改良剂）和 FA60（减少 40% 剂量的肥料改良剂）处理。结果表明，生物肥料增强了土壤酶活性（表现为脲酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸单酯酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性增加），增加与代谢过程相关的操作分类单元的数量（包括与磷相关的途径和外源物质的降解），提高作物产量，增加细菌多样性，并改变土壤中植物可利用磷的数量。生物肥料还刺激植物生长促进微生物的发生，这些微生物参与磷的生物转化、有机物的分解、固氮和保护植物免受病原体侵害。下一代测序 (NGS) 和 Biolog 分析表明，土壤微生物组的组成也受到土壤采样时间的影响，这表明首选碳源和碳底物利用水平存在季节性变化，并指出在实验的特定阶段个别微生物群的相对丰度的差异。考虑到土壤健康微生物指标的改善，磷生物肥料似乎是在可持续农业中实施将土壤微生物组质量与一般土壤条件联系起来的有效途径。