Ethnic-racial socialization is at the core of ethnic minority families’ adaptive response to a racialized social climate. Protective links between ethnic-racial socialization and children's adjustment are well documented in the adolescent years; however, very few studies have considered the ethnic-racial socialization of young children altogether and fewer still have examined the links to adjustment using longitudinal designs. Leveraging unique, longitudinal data, the present study modeled African American and Latinx caregivers’ emergent use of multiple ethnic-racial socialization strategies across the critical period when children first enter school, testing how their strategies dynamically interplay with children's early behavior adjustment. Results indicated an early pathway in which a child's behavior adjustment problems at 2.5 years may cascade to caregivers’ use of preparation for bias strategies at 3.5 years which in turn may modestly spillover in children's behavior adjustment in kindergarten. There was also modest evidence that cultural socialization strategies used in kindergarten may serve a protective function for future behavior adjustment. The potential to develop and extend interventions around both systemic issues and the direct needs of families is discussed.

中文翻译：

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持有两个真理：非裔美国人和拉丁裔家庭的种族社会化和儿童行为调整的早期动态

民族-种族社会化是少数民族家庭对种族化社会气候的适应性反应的核心。种族-种族社会化和儿童适应之间的保护性联系在青少年时期得到了充分证明；然而，很少有研究完全考虑幼儿的种族社会化，也很少有研究使用纵向设计检查与调整的联系。利用独特的纵向数据，本研究模拟了非裔美国人和拉丁裔照顾者在儿童首次入学的关键时期紧急使用多种种族社会化策略，测试他们的策略如何与儿童的早期行为调整动态相互作用。结果表明，儿童在 2 岁时出现行为调整问题的早期途径。5 年可能会级联到照顾者在 3.5 年使用准备偏见策略，这反过来可能会适度溢出儿童在幼儿园的行为调整。还有适度的证据表明，幼儿园使用的文化社会化策略可能对未来的行为调整起到保护作用。讨论了围绕系统性问题和家庭的直接需求制定和扩展干预措施的潜力。