Familial ethnic socialization is an important way in which Latino youth in the United States become oriented toward their culture. Although many Latino adolescents have contact with their familial homelands outside the United States, which may also promote their cultural orientation, extant research has focused on familial ethnic socialization within the U.S. The present study examined visits to the familial homeland as an ethnic socialization process among 105 stateside Puerto Rican adolescents (M = 15.96 years, SD = 1.41; 52% girls). Factor analyses suggested that visits to Puerto Rico and familial ethnic socialization were not part of the same construct. Moreover, path analyses showed that visits to Puerto Rico and familial ethnic socialization were associated with different aspects of Puerto Rican youths’ cultural orientation. Consistent with previous work, increased familial ethnic socialization was associated with greater ethnic identity and overall endorsement of the Latino values of family obligations and respeto. In contrast, more frequent visits to Puerto Rico were associated with greater expected endorsement of family obligations and respeto in challenging daily life situations.

中文翻译：

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波多黎各青少年的岛屿访问、家庭种族社会化和文化定位

家庭种族社会化是美国拉丁裔青年走向文化的重要途径。尽管许多拉丁裔青少年与他们在美国以外的家庭故乡有联系，这也可能促进他们的文化取向，但现有的研究集中在美国境内的家庭种族社会化上。本研究考察了对家庭家园的访问作为种族社会化过程的 105美国本土的波多黎各青少年（M = 15.96 岁，SD= 1.41; 52% 的女孩）。因素分析表明，访问波多黎各和家庭种族社会化不是同一结构的一部分。此外，路径分析表明，访问波多黎各和家庭种族社会化与波多黎各青年文化取向的不同方面有关。与以前的工作一致，增加的家庭种族社会化与更大的种族认同和对家庭义务和回应的拉丁裔价值观的整体认可有关。相比之下，更频繁地访问波多黎各与预期对家庭义务的认可和对具有挑战性的日常生活情况的回应有关。