Many bridges that lie within possible tsunami inundation zones are critical links in transport networks. Some efforts have been made to determine the effects of tsunamis on bridges, but only a limited range of published design guidelines are available. Therefore, it is necessary to further investigate the effects of tsunamis on bridges. In the current study, physical modeling experiments were carried out to measure bore impact forces and pressures for various tsunami bore strengths on a bridge deck with different abutment types (wing wall and spill-through) and different opening and submergence ratios. The experiments were conducted in a wave flume with dimensions of 14 × 1.2 × 0.8 m (length × width × height), equipped with an automatic gate designed to generate a tsunami bore. The horizontal and vertical forces showed an increasing trend with increasing submergence ratio for both types of abutment. However, the horizontal force showed a decreasing trend as the opening ratio decreased, while the vertical force initially increased as the opening ratio decreased, until it reached a peak value, and then it started to decrease. The overall shapes of the results for both types of abutment are similar, with higher values for spill-through abutments due to their lower energy dissipation rates. Based on the experimental data, empirical equations are proposed for estimation of tsunami loads as a function of opening and submergence ratios.

许多位于可能的海啸淹没区的桥梁是交通网络中的关键环节。已经做出了一些努力来确定海啸对桥梁的影响，但只有有限范围的已发布设计指南可用。因此，有必要进一步研究海啸对桥梁的影响。在当前的研究中，进行了物理建模实验，以测量具有不同桥台类型（翼墙和溢流）以及不同开口和淹没比的桥面上各种海啸钻孔强度的钻孔冲击力和压力。实验在一个尺寸为 14 × 1.2 × 0.8 m（长 × 宽 × 高）的波浪槽中进行，配备了设计用于产生海啸孔的自动门。两种基台的水平力和垂直力均随着淹没比的增加而呈增加趋势。但随着开口率的减小，水平力呈下降趋势，而垂直力随着开口率的减小而开始增加，直至达到峰值，然后开始下降。两种基台结果的总体形状相似，溢出基台的值较高，因为它们的能量耗散率较低。基于实验数据，提出了经验方程，用于估计海啸载荷作为开口和淹没比的函数。而垂直力最初随着开口率的减小而增加，直到达到峰值，然后开始减小。两种基台结果的总体形状相似，溢出基台的值较高，因为它们的能量耗散率较低。基于实验数据，提出了经验方程，用于估计海啸载荷作为开口和淹没比的函数。