OBJECTIVE The review aimed to summarize the existing knowledge base regarding post-traumatic stress disorder after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and try to guide future research. METHOD Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were used to identify original studies that explored the relationship between severe TBI and post-traumatic stress disorder. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included in the review. They have been examined in terms of potentially compatible and incompatible mechanisms, as well as of possible confounding factors in relation to the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder after severe TBI. CONCLUSION Only a few studies in the literature have addressed the present topic; therefore, the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with severe TBI still needs to be further investigated. In particular, future studies should be conducted only in severe TBI populations, considering their premorbid personality characteristics and their reactivity alteration. They should also obtain an accurate and appropriate assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder with clinical interviews as well as clarifying the role of post-traumatic amnesia in this population by incorporating control groups of patients.

中文翻译：

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严重创伤性脑损伤后的创伤后应激障碍：系统评价。

目的 本综述旨在总结现有关于严重创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后创伤后应激障碍的知识库，并试图指导未来的研究。方法 Web of Science、Scopus 和 PubMed 数据库用于确定探索严重 TBI 与创伤后应激障碍之间关系的原始研究。结果 共纳入 13 项研究。已经根据潜在相容和不相容的机制以及与严重 TBI 后创伤后应激障碍的诊断相关的可能混杂因素对它们进行了检查。结论 只有少数文献中的研究涉及当前的主题；因此，仍需进一步研究重度 TBI 患者创伤后应激障碍的患病率。尤其，考虑到他们病前的人格特征和反应性改变，未来的研究应该只在严重的 TBI 人群中进行。他们还应该通过临床访谈获得对创伤后应激障碍的准确和适当的评估，并通过纳入患者对照组来阐明创伤后健忘症在这一人群中的作用。