Governments have been taking policy instruments to enhance green power (GP) development, while the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) has become one of the most prevalent choices. Although RPS can guarantee GP producers’ income and expansion from a medium to long term perspective, curtailments are still inevitable, as RPS is integrated to power system by financial contracts and cannot affect market clearing. To solve this problem, the paper modifies the clearing procedure with a physical contract-based RPS restriction. However, along with that, reserve cost allocation mechanisms (RCAMs) ignoring RPS obligations are no longer cooperative, since GP penetration and market reserve demands are partially determined by RPS obligations now. Thus, an innovative RCAM, dominated by both net loads and RPS obligations through reserve costs contribution rate (RCCR) is proposed. A tri-level model is formulated to evaluate modifications and the proposed RCAM. On the first level, RCCR is achieved by calculating the incremental ratio of system reserve costs from level-1 without RPS constraint to level-3 with RPS constraint. The lower two levels form a classic bi-level model, where energy users interact with the independent system operator by strategical investment in distributed energy resources. Case studies based on the IEEE 6- and 118-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RCAM.

中文翻译：

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可再生能源组合标准约束现货市场中的储备成本分配机制


各国政府一直在采取政策工具来促进绿色电力（GP）的发展，而可再生能源组合标准（RPS）已成为最普遍的选择之一。虽然从中长期来看，RPS可以保证GP生产商的收入和扩张，但限电仍然是不可避免的，因为RPS通过金融合约融入电力系统，不会影响市场出清。为了解决这个问题，本文通过基于实物合约的 RPS 限制来修改清算程序。然而，与此同时，忽略 RPS 义务的准备金成本分配机制 (RCAM) 不再具有合作性，因为 GP 渗透率和市场准备金需求现在部分由 RPS 义务决定。因此，提出了一种创新的 RCAM，通过储备成本贡献率 (RCCR) 以净负荷和 RPS 义务为主导。制定了一个三级模型来评估修改和建议的 RCAM。在第一级，RCCR是通过计算系统储备成本从无RPS约束的level-1到有RPS约束的level-3的增量比率来实现的。较低的两层形成了经典的双层模型，能源用户通过对分布式能源资源的战略投资与独立系统运营商进行互动。基于 IEEE 6 和 118 总线系统的案例研究证明了所提出的 RCAM 的有效性。