Depositional and structural controls on a fault-related dolostone formation (Maestrat Basin, E Spain),Basin Research

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Depositional and structural controls on a fault-related dolostone formation (Maestrat Basin, E Spain)
Basin Research ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-21 , DOI: 10.1111/bre.12647
Elliot Humphrey ₁ , Enrique Gomez‐Rivas _{2,

3} , Juan Diego Martín‐Martín _{2,

3} , Joyce Neilson ₁ , Ramon Salas _{2,

3} , Joan Guimerà _{3,

4}

Affiliation

Fault-related dolomitisation is responsible for the development of numerous hydrocarbon reservoirs hosted in diagenetically-altered carbonates and is therefore critical to hydrocarbon exploration, subsurface storage (i.e. CO₂), the formation of associated mineralisation (i.e. MVT-deposits) and for understanding the key controls on subsurface fluid flow. Multiple dolomitised outcrop analogues have been characterised in recent years, but uncertainty still remains as to the controls on dolomitisation in terms of dolostone geobody size and geometries, their distribution and how they impact reservoir quality. Late Tithonian shallow-marine carbonates at Serra Esparreguera in the Maestrat Basin (E. Spain) were partially dolomitised on the seismic scale, resulting in a spectrum of geobodies with varying degrees of spatial connectivity. Dolostone predominantly replaces Polpís Fm wackestones and packstones, and bioclastic grainstones of the Bovalar Fm. Dolostone geobodies transition through vertical stratigraphy from being massive and spatially extensive to localised stratabound bodies as textural heterogeneity increases. Irregular dolostone geometries occur in the Polpís Fm, which is texturally homogenous relative to the overlying Bovalar Fm, cross-cutting bedding in areas with high abundance of faults. Faults occur adjacent to dolostone and constrain its lateral extent across the outcrop. Dolomitisation fronts are typically sharp with morphologies affected by small-scale faults and bedding-parallel stylolites. Dolomitisation occurred under burial conditions and dolostones were later overprinted by phases of calcite and saddle dolomite cementation. The spatial distribution of dolostone is strongly influenced by the depositional heterogeneity and faults, while smaller structures (i.e. metre-scale fractures and stylolites) and bedding surfaces controlled the dolomitisation front geometry. Dolostone geobodies at Serra Esparreguera provide new insights into the structural, depositional and diagenetic controls on dolomitisation at a seismic scale, which can be used as a predictive guide to improve the understanding of carbonate reservoirs with complex paragenetic histories.

中文翻译：

与断层有关的白云岩地层的沉积和构造控制（西班牙东部的马斯特拉盆地）

与断层相关的白云石化是成岩改变碳酸盐岩中大量油气藏的发育的原因，因此对于油气勘探、地下储存（即 CO 2 _）、伴生矿化的形成（即. MVT-deposits）并用于了解对地下流体流动的关键控制。近年来，多个白云岩化露头类似物已被表征，但在白云岩地质体尺寸和几何形状、分布以及它们如何影响储层质量方面对白云岩化的控制仍然存在不确定性。Maestrat 盆地（西班牙东部）的 Serra Esparreguera 的晚期 Tithonian 浅海相碳酸盐在地震尺度上部分白云石化，导致具有不同程度空间连通性的地质体谱。白云岩主要替代了 Polpís Fm wackestones 和 packstones，以及 Bovalar Fm 的生物碎屑粒岩。随着结构异质性的增加，白云岩地质体通过垂直地层从大规模和空间广泛的过渡到局部地层结合体。不规则的白云岩几何形状出现在 Polpís Fm，相对于上覆的 Bovalar Fm，在结构上是同质的，在断层丰富的地区横切层理。断层发生在白云岩附近，并限制了其在露头上的横向范围。白云石化锋通常是尖锐的，其形态受到小规模断层和平行层理的针线石的影响。白云石化发生在埋藏条件下，后来白云岩被方解石和鞍状白云石胶结相叠印。白云岩的空间分布受沉积非均质性和断层的影响很大，而较小的构造（断层发生在白云岩附近，并限制了其在露头上的横向范围。白云石化锋通常是尖锐的，其形态受到小规模断层和平行层理的针线石的影响。白云石化发生在埋藏条件下，后来白云岩被方解石和鞍状白云石胶结相叠印。白云岩的空间分布受沉积非均质性和断层的影响很大，而较小的构造（断层发生在白云岩附近，并限制了其在露头上的横向范围。白云石化锋通常是尖锐的，其形态受到小规模断层和平行层理的针线石的影响。白云石化发生在埋藏条件下，后来白云岩被方解石和鞍状白云石胶结相叠印。白云岩的空间分布受沉积非均质性和断层的影响很大，而较小的构造（我。e . 米尺度的裂缝和缝合线）和层理表面控制着白云石化前缘的几何形状。Serra Esparreguera 的白云岩地质体为地震尺度上白云石化的构造、沉积和成岩控制提供了新的见解，可用作预测指南，以提高对具有复杂共生历史的碳酸盐岩储层的理解。

更新日期：2021-12-21

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