ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives

The process model of emotion regulation (ER) focuses on strategies used to manage emotions, while the abilities model emphasizes the extent one adaptively responds to negative emotions. We sought to clarify the relationships between components of ER based on both of the abilities (i.e., dysregulation) and process (i.e., strategy use) models, as well as ER flexibility (i.e., choosing the optimal strategy for a given situation) with well-being (happiness, flourishing), internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety), and disordered eating. Gender differences were explored.

Design and Method

Participants included 612 undergraduate students (M_age = 20.24) who completed questionnaires measuring ER, well-being, and mental illness. Structural equation modeling was used on cross-sectional data to explore the associations between ER and psychological outcomes.

Results

Dysregulation was associated with reduced well-being and greater psychopathology. In terms of strategy use, reappraisal was related to greater well-being and fewer internalizing symptoms, while the opposite relationships were found for suppression. Suppression was also linked to disordered eating. ER flexibility was related to well-being for men only. Further, dysregulation had the largest association with all outcomes.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that ER abilities may underlie other components of ER and are most central to mental health and illness.

中文翻译：

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探索两种情绪调节模型：策略使用、能力和灵活性如何与幸福感和精神疾病相关

摘要

背景和目标

情绪调节 (ER) 的过程模型侧重于用于管理情绪的策略，而能力模型强调一个人对负面情绪的适应性反应程度。我们试图根据能力（即失调）和过程（即策略使用）模型以及 ER 灵活性（即为给定情况选择最佳策略）阐明 ER 组件之间的关系-存在（幸福、繁荣）、内化症状（抑郁、焦虑）和饮食失调。探讨了性别差异。

设计与方法

参与者包括 612 名本科生（M_年龄 = 20.24），他们完成了测量 ER、幸福感和精神疾病的问卷。结构方程模型用于横截面数据，以探索 ER 与心理结果之间的关联。

结果

失调与幸福感下降和精神病理学加重有关。在策略使用方面，重新评估与更大的幸福感和更少的内化症状有关，而抑制则相反。压抑也与饮食失调有关。ER 灵活性仅与男性的幸福感有关。此外，失调与所有结果的关联最大。

结论

研究结果表明，ER 能力可能是 ER 其他组成部分的基础，并且对心理健康和疾病最为重要。