The investigation of risky decision-making has a prominent place in clinical science, with sundry behavioral tasks aimed at empirically quantifying the psychological construct of risk-taking. However, use of differing behavioral tasks has resulted in lack of agreement on risky decision-making within psychosis-spectrum disorders, as findings fail to converge upon the typical, binary conceptualization of increased risk-seeking or risk-aversion. The current review synthesizes the behavioral, risky decision-making literature to elucidate how specific task parameters may contribute to differences in task performance, and their associations with psychosis symptomatology and cognitive functioning. A paring of the literature suggests that: 1) Explicit risk-taking may be characterized by risk imperception, evidenced by less discrimination between choices of varying degrees of risk, potentially secondary to cognitive deficits. 2) Ambiguous risk-taking findings are inconclusive with few published studies. 3) Uncertain risk-taking findings, consistently interpreted as more risk-averse, have not parsed risk attitudes from confounding processes that may impact decision-making (e.g. risk imperception, reward processing, motivation). Thus, overgeneralized interpretations of task-specific risk-seeking/aversion should be curtailed, as they may fail to appropriately characterize decision-making phenomena. Future research in psychosis-spectrum disorders would benefit from empirically isolating contributions of specific processes during risky decision-making, including the newly hypothesized risk imperception.

对风险决策的研究在临床科学中占有重要地位，各种行为任务旨在凭经验量化冒险的心理结构。然而，使用不同的行为任务导致精神病谱系疾病中的风险决策缺乏共识，因为研究结果未能集中在增加风险寻求或风险厌恶的典型二元概念上。当前的综述综合了行为、风险决策文献，以阐明特定任务参数如何导致任务绩效差异，以及它们与精神病症状和认知功能的关联。文献对比表明：1）明确的冒险行为可能以风险感知为特征，这可以通过不同程度的风险选择之间较少的歧视来证明，这可能是继发于认知缺陷的。 2) 模棱两可的冒险研究结果尚无定论，发表的研究很少。 3) 不确定的风险承担结果，一贯被解释为更加厌恶风险，没有从可能影响决策的混杂过程（例如风险认知、奖励处理、动机）中解析出风险态度。因此，应该限制对特定任务的风险寻求/厌恶的过度概括的解释，因为它们可能无法适当地描述决策现象。精神病谱系疾病的未来研究将受益于在风险决策过程中凭经验分离特定过程的贡献，包括新假设的风险认知。