We used latent profile analysis on a longitudinal dataset to examine changes in maternal and child mental health during COVID-19 and factors that may protect against declines in mental health. Participants were 183 low-income mothers (M = 36 years) with young children (M = 5.31 years) in the City of Toronto with data collected prior to and during the pandemic in 2020. Mothers reported on their own stress, anxiety and depression and their children's emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer, and prosocial problems at both timepoints. We found heterogeneity in mental health changes, with 5 distinct patterns of change for mothers, and 4 distinct patterns of change for children during COVID-19. The majority (83%) of mothers experienced significant declines in at least one aspect of mental health. In contrast, the majority of children (65%) experienced either no change or improvements in mental health. Interestingly, patterns of change across these groups were not differentiated by demographic characteristics such as income, education, and family composition. However, for mothers, a higher degree of satisfaction with social support was associated with membership in a profile with better mental health both prior to, and during the pandemic. For children, having a stable history of early childhood education, and care was associated with membership in a profile that showed improvements in mental health during the pandemic. We discuss how our results support the need for proactive and global interventions for at-risk families with raised mental health concerns, and the benefits that stable early childhood education and care may provide for young children.

我们使用纵向数据集的潜在概况分析来检查 COVID-19 期间母婴心理健康的变化以及可能防止心理健康下降的因素。参与者是 183 名低收入母亲（M  = 36 岁）和年幼的孩子（M = 5.31 岁）在多伦多市，数据是在 2020 年大流行之前和期间收集的。母亲们报告了自己的压力、焦虑和抑郁以及孩子在两个时间点的情绪、行为、多动、同伴和亲社会问题。我们发现心理健康变化的异质性，在 COVID-19 期间，母亲有 5 种不同的变化模式，儿童有 4 种不同的变化模式。大多数 (83%) 的母亲在心理健康的至少一个方面经历了显着下降。相比之下，大多数儿童 (65%) 的心理健康要么没有变化，要么没有改善。有趣的是，这些群体的变化模式并没有因收入、教育和家庭构成等人口特征而有所不同。然而，对于妈妈们来说，在大流行之前和期间，对社会支持的更高满意度与具有更好心理健康状况的成员有关。对于儿童来说，拥有稳定的早期儿童教育和护理历史与在大流行期间心理健康状况有所改善的个人资料中的成员资格有关。我们讨论了我们的结果如何支持对有心理健康问题的高危家庭进行主动和全球干预的必要性，以及稳定的幼儿教育和护理可能为幼儿带来的好处。护理与个人资料中的成员身份有关，该个人资料显示大流行期间心理健康有所改善。我们讨论了我们的结果如何支持对有心理健康问题的高危家庭进行主动和全球干预的必要性，以及稳定的幼儿教育和护理可能为幼儿带来的好处。护理与个人资料中的成员身份有关，该个人资料显示大流行期间心理健康有所改善。我们讨论了我们的结果如何支持对有心理健康问题的高危家庭进行主动和全球干预的必要性，以及稳定的幼儿教育和护理可能为幼儿带来的好处。