Effortful control (EC) has been conceptualized as a higher-order construct defined by a class of self-regulatory mechanisms. However, the developmental higher-order structure of EC has seldom been investigated with a thorough psychometric analysis. To begin to fill this gap in the literature, data were obtained from parents and teachers of 185 children (age at T1: M = 9.43 y/o, SD = 1.17) every 2 years for 8 years.

中文翻译：

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由抑制控制、注意力转移和聚焦所定义的努力控制的高阶结构的有效性：纵向和多信息研究

努力控制 (EC) 已被概念化为由一类自我调节机制定义的高阶构造。然而，很少通过彻底的心理测量分析来研究 EC 的发展高阶结构。为了填补文献中的这一空白，我们从 185 名儿童（T1 时的年龄：M  = 9.43 y/o，SD  = 1.17）的父母和老师那里获得数据，每 2 年一次，持续 8 年。