In recent times, a clear trend towards the use of biobased materials can be seen in many areas. Apart from beneficial ecological properties, high strength and stiffness at low weight are desirable in structural applications, a combination typically offered by cellulose-based materials. As an adaption to mechanical stresses acting on the living organism, most biobased fibre materials inherently show anisotropic mechanical properties and feature a preferred orientation of high-strength cellulose fibres. In both nature and engineering, unidirectional fibre orientation might be beneficial since only this arrangement fully exploits the high strength and stiffness of the cellulose biopolymer. The present paper is a selective review of cellulose-based fibre materials with either unidirectional or close-to unidirectional orientation. This includes, amongst others, materials derived from wood or bamboo, natural fibre composites, all-cellulose composites and nanocellulose-based materials. This review shall serve as an indicator of the strength potential inherent to biobased cellulosic materials in order to ascertain their suitability for potential applications. Each type of material is described in terms of structure and corresponding representative values for strength and modulus of elasticity in fibre direction. Finally, a concise comparison of individual fibre and bulk materials in terms of mechanical performance is provided.

最近，在许多领域都可以看到使用生物基材料的明显趋势。除了有益的生态特性外，结构应用中还需要重量轻的高强度和刚度，这种组合通常由纤维素基材料提供。作为对作用于生物体的机械应力的适应，大多数生物基纤维材料固有地表现出各向异性的机械性能，并具有高强度纤维素纤维的优选取向。在自然和工程中，单向纤维取向可能是有益的，因为只有这种排列才能充分利用纤维素生物聚合物的高强度和刚度。本文是对具有单向或接近单向取向的纤维素基纤维材料的选择性综述。这包括，其中包括源自木材或竹子的材料、天然纤维复合材料、全纤维素复合材料和纳米纤维素基材料。该审查应作为生物基纤维素材料固有强度潜力的指标，以确定它们对潜在应用的适用性。每种类型的材料都根据结构和纤维方向的强度和弹性模量的相应代表值进行描述。最后，提供了单个纤维和散装材料在机械性能方面的简明比较。