In 1942 more than 110,000 persons of Japanese origin living on the U.S. West Coast were forcibly sent away to ten internment camps for one to three years. This paper studies how internees’ careers were affected in the long run. Combining Census data, camp records, and survey data, I develop a predictor of a person’s internment status based on Census observables. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I find that internment had long-run positive effects on earnings. The evidence is consistent with mechanisms related to increased mobility due to re-optimization of occupation and location choices, possibly facilitated by camps’ high economic diversity.

中文翻译：

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流离失所、多样性和流动性：日裔美国人实习的职业影响

1942 年，居住在美国西海岸的 110,000 多名日本人被强行送往十个拘留营，为期一到三年。本文研究了被拘禁者的职业生涯从长远来看是如何受到影响的。结合人口普查数据、营地记录和调查数据，我根据人口普查可观测数据开发了一个人拘留状态的预测器。使用差异中的差异框架，我发现实习对收益有长期的积极影响。证据与由于重新优化职业和地点选择而增加流动性相关的机制一致，这可能是由营地的高度经济多样性促成的。