This symposium article examines important lessons that can be taken from the multiple ways in which children's interests, and in particular ideas about “harm to children,” are framed in the recent Fulton v. City of Philadelphia controversy. A close reading of the briefs filed after the U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari in the case reveals that both sides paid very different attention to LGBTQ youth in framing ideas about whether granting or denying religious exemptions from antidiscrimination laws in child welfare harms children. As explained, the different positionalities of LGBTQ youth in these discussions offer important lessons for child welfare law and policy in a post-Fulton world. First, the analysis connects these discussions in Fulton to broader histories of child harm concepts being used to facilitate LGBTQ-related discrimination against both LGBTQ adults and LGBTQ youth in the domains of family and child welfare law. It then considers lessons for lawmakers, policymakers, and child welfare actors relating to the institutional design of child welfare systems, and more specifically, how the special needs of LGBTQ foster youth are addressed within those systems. To examine these points, the analysis presents a typology of four models of LGBTQ child welfare. Finally, the analysis considers the lessons that discussions involving “harm to children” in Fulton offer for the direction of future empirical research that informs the debate over conflicts between religious exemption claims and LGBTQ antidiscrimination laws in child welfare.

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在关于儿童福利宗教豁免的辩论中对儿童造成伤害：富尔顿的教训

这篇专题讨论会文章探讨了在最近的富尔顿诉费城争议案中，儿童的兴趣，特别是关于“对儿童的伤害”的多种观点，可以从中汲取重要的教训。仔细阅读美国最高法院在此案中批准调卷书后提交的简报显示，双方在制定关于在儿童福利方面给予或拒绝宗教豁免是否会伤害儿童的反歧视法方面对 LGBTQ 青年给予了截然不同的关注。如前所述，LGBTQ 青年在这些讨论中的不同立场为后富尔顿世界的儿童福利法律和政策提供了重要的经验教训。首先，分析将富尔顿的这些讨论联系起来更广泛的儿童伤害概念的历史被用来促进在家庭和儿童福利法领域对 LGBTQ 成年人和 LGBTQ 青年的 LGBTQ 相关歧视。然后，它为立法者、政策制定者和儿童福利行为者考虑与儿童福利系统的制度设计相关的经验教训，更具体地说，如何在这些系统中解决 LGBTQ 寄养青年的特殊需求。为了检验这些观点，分析提出了四种 LGBTQ 儿童福利模型的类型学。最后，分析考虑了富尔顿中涉及“对儿童的伤害”的讨论为未来实证研究的方向提供的经验教训，该研究为关于宗教豁免要求与儿童福利中 LGBTQ 反歧视法之间的冲突的辩论提供了依据。