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Associations between school-related factors and mental health among transgender and gender diverse youth
Journal of School Psychology ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2021.11.004
Katharine B Parodi 1 , Melissa K Holt 1 , Jennifer Greif Green 1 , Sabra L Katz-Wise 2 , Tanvi N Shah 1 , Aidan D Kraus 1 , Ziming Xuan 3
Affiliation  

Transgender and gender diverse youth (TGD) report high rates of mental health concerns. However, there is reason to expect that among TGD youth there is variation in mental health experiences related to specific aspects of gender identity. Furthermore, although certain school characteristics are related to improved mental health for sexual minority youth, it is unclear whether the same school characteristics are associated with improved mental health for TGD youth and whether gender identity moderates the associations between school characteristics and mental health. Using baseline data from Project AVANT, a longitudinal study of TGD youth ages 14–18 years in the United States (N = 252), we report on several mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, nonsuicidal self-injury, and PTSD), with attention to differences by gender identity. Secondly, we examined associations of three protective school-related factors (i.e., school-connectedness, presence of a Gay-Straight or Gender-Sexuality Alliance [GSA], and state mandated protections for sexual and gender minority students) with TGD youth mental health. TGD youth reported elevated levels of anxious and depressive symptoms, with nonbinary youth assigned female at birth reporting higher mean depressive symptoms relative to transgender females. Among the aggregate sample of TGD youth, 69.9% reported clinically significant anxiety, 57.9% reported clinically significant depression, 56.7% reported nonsuicidal self-injury, and 46.4% met screening criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite a small effect size, greater school-connectedness was significantly associated with fewer mental health concerns and gender identity moderated the association between school-connectedness and number of anxiety symptoms. Gender identity also moderated the association between presence of a GSA and number of anxious symptoms, depressive symptoms, and clinically significant depression, respectively. No significant associations of state-level protections and mental health outcomes were detected. Findings highlight the importance of improving mental health and fostering GSA-engagement and school-connectedness among TGD youth. Implications for school psychologists are discussed.



中文翻译:

跨性别和性别多元化青年的学校相关因素与心理健康之间的关联

跨性别和性别多元化青年 (TGD) 报告了高比例的心理健康问题。然而,有理由预计,在 TGD 青年中,与性别认同的特定方面相关的心理健康经历存在差异。此外,尽管某些学校特征与性少数青年的心理健康改善有关,但尚不清楚相同的学校特征是否与 TGD 青年的心理健康改善有关,以及性别认同是否会调节学校特征与心理健康之间的关联。使用来自 Project AVANT 的基线数据,这是一项针对美国 14-18 岁 TGD 青年的纵向研究(N = 252),我们报告了几种心理健康结果(即抑郁、焦虑、非自杀性自伤和创伤后应激障碍),并注意性别认同的差异。其次,我们检查了三个与学校相关的保护性因素(即学校联系、存在同性恋异性恋或性别-性联盟 [GSA] 以及国家规定的对性和性别少数学生的保护)与 TGD 青少年心理健康的关联。 . TGD 青年报告的焦虑和抑郁症状水平升高,与跨性别女性相比,出生时分配为女性的非二元青年报告的平均抑郁症状较高。在 TGD 青年的总样本中,69.9% 报告临床显着焦虑,57.9% 报告临床显着抑郁,56.7% 报告非自杀性自伤,46 人报告。4% 符合创伤后应激障碍的筛查标准。尽管影响较小,但更大的学校联系与更少的心理健康问题显着相关,而性别认同调节了学校联系与焦虑症状数量之间的关联。性别认同也分别调节了 GSA 的存在与焦虑症状、抑郁症状和临床显着抑郁症的数量之间的关联。未检测到州级保护与心理健康结果之间存在显着关联。调查结果强调了在 TGD 青年中改善心理健康和促进 GSA 参与和学校联系的重要性。讨论了对学校心理学家的影响。更大的学校联系与更少的心理健康问题显着相关,性别认同调节了学校联系与焦虑症状数量之间的关联。性别认同也分别调节了 GSA 的存在与焦虑症状、抑郁症状和临床显着抑郁症的数量之间的关联。未检测到州级保护与心理健康结果之间存在显着关联。调查结果强调了在 TGD 青年中改善心理健康和促进 GSA 参与和学校联系的重要性。讨论了对学校心理学家的影响。更大的学校联系与更少的心理健康问题显着相关,性别认同调节了学校联系与焦虑症状数量之间的关联。性别认同也分别调节了 GSA 的存在与焦虑症状、抑郁症状和临床显着抑郁症的数量之间的关联。未检测到州级保护与心理健康结果之间存在显着关联。调查结果强调了在 TGD 青年中改善心理健康和促进 GSA 参与和学校联系的重要性。讨论了对学校心理学家的影响。性别认同也分别调节了 GSA 的存在与焦虑症状、抑郁症状和临床显着抑郁症的数量之间的关联。未检测到州级保护与心理健康结果之间存在显着关联。调查结果强调了在 TGD 青年中改善心理健康和促进 GSA 参与和学校联系的重要性。讨论了对学校心理学家的影响。性别认同也分别调节了 GSA 的存在与焦虑症状、抑郁症状和临床显着抑郁症的数量之间的关联。未检测到州级保护与心理健康结果之间存在显着关联。调查结果强调了在 TGD 青年中改善心理健康和促进 GSA 参与和学校联系的重要性。讨论了对学校心理学家的影响。

更新日期:2021-12-16
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