Superhydrophobic fabrics with high oil–water separation efficiencies have recently attracted considerable attention because of the frequent oil pollution created by industry. However, the relationship between hydrophobicity and the separation efficiency needs to be clarified, and water-blocking materials used to separate heavy oil must be further explored. In this study, we prepared hydrophobic fabrics by a one-pot sol–gel approach with different concentrations of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS). The surface chemistries of the superhydrophobic fabrics were systematically studied, and it was found that the SiO₂ nanoparticles created a micro/nanoscale roughness on the surface, endowing the fabric with superhydrophobicity. By changing the component ratios, five samples with elevated hydrophobicity were fabricated. Interestingly, the hydrophobicity of the fabric had a positive effect on the separation efficiency and the oil flux. Importantly, when the contact angle increased from 132.5° to 151.3°, the oil flux of heavy oil increased from 13,028 ± 563 L m⁻² h⁻¹ to 20,473 ± 928 L m⁻² h⁻¹. The superhydrophobic fabric also exhibited a high resistance to mechanical abrasion and self-cleaning properties. Thus, we provide a pollution-free, anti-oil fouling, high-oil-flux, high-separation-efficiency, water-blocking fabric for the separation of oils from water.

由于工业经常造成的油污染，具有高油水分离效率的超疏水织物最近引起了相当大的关注。然而，疏水性与分离效率之间的关系有待阐明，用于分离稠油的阻水材料有待进一步探索。在这项研究中，我们通过使用不同浓度的十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷 (HDTMS)、聚甲基氢硅氧烷 (PMHS) 和羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷 (HTPDMS) 的一锅溶胶-凝胶方法制备了疏水织物。系统研究了超疏水织物的表面化学性质，发现 SiO ₂纳米粒子在表面产生微/纳米级粗糙度，赋予织物超疏水性。通过改变组分比例，制备了五个疏水性提高的样品。有趣的是，织物的疏水性对分离效率和油通量有积极影响。重要的是，当接触角从 132.5° 增加到 151.3° 时，稠油的油通量从 13,028 ± 563 L m ^-2  h ^-1增加到 20,473 ± 928 L m ^-2  h ^-1. 超疏水织物还表现出高抗机械磨损和自清洁性能。因此，我们为油水分离提供了一种无污染、抗油污、高油通量、高分离效率的阻水织物。