The Earth-like planets and moons in our solar system have iron-rich cores, silicate mantles, and a basaltic crust. Differentiated icy moons can have a core and a mantle and an outer water–ice layer. Indirect evidence for several icy moons suggests that this ice is underlain by or includes a water-rich ocean. Similar processes are at work in the interiors of these planets and moons, including heat transport by conduction and convection, melting and volcanism, and magnetic field generation. There are significant differences in detail, though, in both bulk chemical compositions and relative volume of metal, rock and ice reservoirs. For example, the Moon has a small core [~ 0.2 planetary radii (R_P)], whereas Mercury’s is large (~ 0.8 R_P). Planetary heat engines can operate in somewhat different ways affecting the evolution of the planetary bodies. Mercury and Ganymede have a present-day magnetic field while the core dynamo ceased to operate billions of years ago in the Moon and Mars. Planets and moons differ in tectonic style, from plate-tectonics on Earth to bodies having a stagnant outer lid and possibly solid-state convection underneath, with implications for their magmatic and atmosphere evolution. Knowledge about their deep interiors has improved considerably thanks to a multitude of planetary space missions but, in comparison with Earth, the data base is still limited. We describe methods (including experimental approaches and numerical modeling) and data (e.g., gravity field, rotational state, seismic signals, magnetic field, heat flux, and chemical compositions) used from missions and ground-based observations to explore the deep interiors, their dynamics and evolution and describe as examples Mercury, Venus, Moon, Mars, Ganymede and Enceladus.

我们太阳系中的类地行星和卫星具有富含铁的内核、硅酸盐地幔和玄武岩地壳。分化的冰卫星可以有一个核心、一个地幔和一个外部水冰层。几个冰冷卫星的间接证据表明，这些冰层位于或包含一个富含水的海洋。类似的过程也在这些行星和卫星的内部起作用，包括通过传导和对流、融化和火山作用以及磁场产生进行的热传输。然而，在金属、岩石和冰库的大宗化学成分和相对体积方面，在细节上存在显着差异。例如，月球的核心很小 [~ 0.2 行星半径 ( R _P )]，而水星的核心很大 (~ 0.8 R _P）。行星热机可以以稍微不同的方式运行，影响行星体的演化。水星和木卫三拥有当今的磁场，而核心发电机在数十亿年前在月球和火星上停止运转。行星和卫星的构造风格各不相同，从地球上的板块构造到具有停滞外盖和可能在下方有固态对流的天体，这对它们的岩浆和大气演化有影响。由于进行了大量的行星太空任务，对它们内部深处的了解有了很大的提高，但与地球相比，数据库仍然有限。我们描述了方法（包括实验方法和数值建模）和数据（例如重力场、旋转状态、地震信号、磁场、热通量、