Previous research on the health impact of activity space assumed that individuals conduct daily activities outside residential neighborhoods. Little is known about whether and for whom this assumption holds, let alone whether neighborhood effects vary by individual activity space experiences. Using data in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, we identify four types of activity space experiences—individuals with extended activity space, confined activity space, no activity space, and unidentified activity space—and analyze the determinants of them. We then investigate how activity space experiences alter the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and self-rated health. The findings suggest that (1) approximately 15% of respondents do not have activity space, (2) individual characteristics, such as gender, age, race, and poverty status, are associated with activity space experiences, and (3) for middle-aged (35–64) and older adults (65+), neighborhood social capital matters less for the health of people with no activity space than for those with extended activity space.

中文翻译：

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个人活动空间体验的决定因素和健康影响

先前关于活动空间对健康影响的研究假设个人在居民区之外进行日常活动。关于这一假设是否成立以及为谁成立，人们知之甚少，更不用说邻里效应是否会因个人活动空间体验而异。利用费城大都市区的数据，我们确定了四种类型的活动空间体验——活动空间扩展、活动空间受限、没有活动空间和活动空间不明的个体——并分析了它们的决定因素。然后，我们研究活动空间体验如何改变邻里特征和自评健康之间的关系。调查结果表明（1）大约 15% 的受访者没有活动空间，（2）个人特征，如性别、年龄、种族和贫困状况，