Changing perspectives on chicken-pastured orchards for action: A review based on a heuristic model,Agricultural Systems

当前位置： X-MOL 学术 › Agric. Syst. › 论文详情

Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)

Changing perspectives on chicken-pastured orchards for action: A review based on a heuristic model
Agricultural Systems ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103335
Sara Bosshardt ₁ , Rodolphe Sabatier ₁ , Arnaud Dufils ₁ , Mireille Navarrete ₁

Affiliation

CONTEXT

Agroforestry and, more precisely, the integration of animals into orchards, represent an interesting source of income diversification for fruit growers who are confronted with rising climatic and economic risks. Besides farm resilience and optimisation of land use, this association seems to provide reciprocal benefits for both trees and animals, such as: nutrient cycling, weed management, natural protection and pest control. In particular, poultry and, more specifically, chickens, have caught the attention of numerous fruit growers in search of simple and time-saving agroecological solutions to regulate pests and weeds in their orchards. Yet, whereas traditional silvopastoral systems involving livestock have been extensively studied, the advantages and disadvantages of introducing chickens into orchards have been overlooked.

OBJECTIVE

In this review, we aimed to build a heuristic representation of a chicken-pastured orchard in order to better understand this complex agroecosystem. We also compared the scientific state-of-the-art concerning some characteristics of this system to situations in the field.

METHODS

We first carried out a synthesis using an initial set of information (scientific articles, grey literature, testimonies, etc.) to build a simple heuristic representation based on compartments in interaction. We then examined the nature of information on interesting interactions by comparing 86 scientific articles to 26 farmers' testimonies.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

We show that the scientific and empirical knowledge concerning chicken-pastured orchards is uneven. More precisely, we identified four types of divergence on some characteristics of the information from different sources concerning the system. One general finding is that the absence of consensus about crucial aspects of the complex dynamic of chicken-pastured orchards and a lack of quantification approaches on several interactions are not consistent with farmers' needs. We suggest that including farmers in the scientific process as well as fostering interdisciplinary systemic approaches, notably between agronomy, animal science and ecology, could greatly benefit the study and design of agroecological integrated systems such as chicken-pastured orchards.

SIGNIFICANCE

To our knowledge, this review is the first one to present a global view of chicken-pastured orchards. The review built around the heuristic model aims at helping scientists identify knowledge gaps and new research questions. In addition, the heuristic model can also be a useful tool for designing and managing innovative systems together with the farmers concerned.

中文翻译：

改变对养鸡场果园采取行动的看法：基于启发式模型的综述

语境

对于面临不断上升的气候和经济风险的果农来说，农林业，更准确地说，将动物融入果园，代表了一个有趣的收入多样化来源。除了农场恢复力和土地利用优化外，这种关联似乎为树木和动物提供了互惠的好处，例如：养分循环、杂草管理、自然保护和害虫控制。特别是家禽，更具体地说是鸡，吸引了众多水果种植者的注意，他们正在寻找简单、省时的农业生态解决方案来治理果园中的害虫和杂草。然而，虽然涉及牲畜的传统林牧系统已被广泛研究，但将鸡引入果园的利弊却被忽视了。

客观的

在这篇综述中，我们旨在建立一个鸡牧场果园的启发式表示，以便更好地了解这个复杂的农业生态系统。我们还将有关该系统某些特性的最新科学技术与该领域的情况进行了比较。

方法

我们首先使用一组初始信息（科学文章、灰色文献、证词等）进行综合，以基于交互中的隔间构建简单的启发式表示。然后，我们通过将 86 篇科学文章与 26 位农民的证词进行比较，研究了有趣互动信息的性质。

结果与结论

我们表明，关于养鸡场的果园的科学和经验知识是不平衡的。更准确地说，我们确定了有关系统的不同来源的信息的某些特征的四种类型的分歧。一个普遍的发现是，对于养鸡场复杂动态的关键方面缺乏共识，并且缺乏对几种相互作用的量化方法，这与农民的需求不一致。我们建议将农民纳入科学过程以及培养跨学科的系统方法，特别是农学、动物科学和生态学之间的方法，可以极大地有益于农业生态综合系统的研究和设计，例如养鸡场的果园。