The fatty acid-based imidazolium gemini surfactants containing hydroxy-substituted spacers were synthesized and characterized by different spectral techniques. The micellization behavior of product compounds was studied by determining their critical micelle concentration (cmc) values from steady state fluorescence and conductivity measurements. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization of synthesized gemini surfactants confirmed that the micelle formation is a thermodynamically favorable, endothermic and an entropy driven phenomenon. The surfactants were further analyzed for their cytotoxic nature by treating them upon human embryonic kidney cell (HEK-293) line and were found to be significantly low cytotoxic. The interesting features like low cmc values, non-cytotoxic and eco-friendly nature of the gemini surfactants may offer new and more efficient substitutes to the conventional drug delivery systems. Thus the gemini surfactants may serve as promising candidates in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

中文翻译：

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酯官能化咪唑双子表面活性剂的合成、胶束化和细胞毒研究

合成了含有羟基取代的间隔基的基于脂肪酸的咪唑双子表面活性剂，并通过不同的光谱技术对其进行了表征。通过从稳态荧光和电导率测量确定其临界胶束浓度 ( cmc ) 值来研究产物化合物的胶束化行为。合成双子表面活性剂胶束化的热力学参数证实胶束形成是热力学有利的、吸热的和熵驱动的现象。通过对人胚胎肾细胞 (HEK-293) 系进行处理，进一步分析了表面活性剂的细胞毒性性质，发现其细胞毒性显着降低。低cmc等有趣的功能Gemini 表面活性剂的价值、非细胞毒性和生态友好的性质可以为传统的药物输送系统提供新的和更有效的替代品。因此，双子表面活性剂可以作为生物医学和制药领域有希望的候选者。