Nanomaterials like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are established photocatalysts that are well-known in a variety of functions. They can be applied in paint and coating as pigment while providing functionalities like antimicrobial. Antimicrobial property has been increasingly significant due to various diseases contributed by microorganisms that cause either long term or short-term effects to humans. However, the problem with the photodegradation of organic components within paint retards the durability and life span of paint due to the changing of appearance. Inorganic binders such as potassium silicate, sodium silicate, lithium silicate, and phosphate open the opportunity to replace organic binders that ensures the well-balance of functionality and durability. This study critically reviewed a variety of antimicrobial additives such as TiO₂, Ag and ZnO nanomaterials and quaternary ammonium salts used in functional paints and coatings, as well as mechanisms of antimicrobial activities of TiO₂-based materials. This paper also evaluated the strengths and drawbacks of antimicrobial, which then leads to the existing knowledge gap and the potential way forward.

二氧化钛和氧化锌等纳米材料是公认的具有多种功能的光催化剂。它们可以作为颜料应用于油漆和涂料中，同时提供抗菌等功能。由于微生物引起的各种疾病对人类造成长期或短期影响，抗菌特性变得越来越重要。然而，涂料中有机成分的光降解问题会由于外观的变化而延迟涂料的耐用性和使用寿命。无机粘合剂，如硅酸钾、硅酸钠、硅酸锂和磷酸盐，为替代有机粘合剂提供了机会，确保了功能性和耐用性的良好平衡。本研究批判性地审查了各种抗菌添加剂，如二氧化钛₂、Ag和ZnO纳米材料和用于功能性油漆和涂料的季铵盐，以及TiO ₂基材料的抗菌活性机制。本文还评估了抗菌剂的优缺点，从而导致了现有的知识差距和潜在的前进方向。