Detection of neural signatures related to pathological behavioral states could enable adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS), a potential strategy for improving efficacy of DBS for neurological and psychiatric disorders. This approach requires identifying neural biomarkers of relevant behavioral states, a task best performed in ecologically valid environments. Here, in human participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) implanted with recording-capable DBS devices, we synchronized chronic ventral striatum local field potentials with relevant, disease-specific behaviors. We captured over 1,000 h of local field potentials in the clinic and at home during unstructured activity, as well as during DBS and exposure therapy. The wide range of symptom severity over which the data were captured allowed us to identify candidate neural biomarkers of OCD symptom intensity. This work demonstrates the feasibility and utility of capturing chronic intracranial electrophysiology during daily symptom fluctuations to enable neural biomarker identification, a prerequisite for future development of adaptive DBS for OCD and other psychiatric disorders.

检测与病理行为状态相关的神经特征可以实现适应性深部脑刺激（DBS），这是提高 DBS 对神经和精神疾病疗效的潜在策略。这种方法需要识别相关行为状态的神经生物标志物，这项任务最好在生态有效的环境中执行。在这里，在患有强迫症 (OCD) 的人类参与者中植入了具有记录功能的 DBS 设备，我们将慢性腹侧纹状体局部场电位与相关的疾病特异性行为同步。我们在诊所和家里的非结构化活动期间以及 DBS 和暴露疗法期间捕获了超过 1,000 小时的局部场电位。捕获数据的症状严重程度范围广泛，使我们能够识别强迫症症状强度的候选神经生物标志物。这项工作证明了在日常症状波动期间捕获慢性颅内电生理学以实现神经生物标志物识别的可行性和实用性，这是未来开发针对强迫症和其他精神疾病的适应性 DBS 的先决条件。