Demand-side management/demand response (DSM/DR) are key strategies for mitigating the inherent variability in electricity generation rates by renewable sources. This article represents—to our knowledge—the first foray into assessing the DR potential of ammonia plants. Ammonia plants are interesting candidates for DR initiatives because of their significant electricity use (for operating compressors driving the synthesis loop) and the ability to store the ammonia product relatively easily and safely. Our approach is based on formulating and solving an optimal DR scheduling problem for an ammonia plant while accounting for the process dynamics. To this end, we introduce a new Hammerstein–Wiener-inspired modeling framework based on injecting linear dynamics in a first-principles static nonlinear model of the process. The results are encouraging; for the cases considered, peak-time power consumption decreases between 3.57% and 7.40%, coupled with 1.39% to 3.70% reductions in operating cost.

中文翻译：

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评估合成氨厂的需求响应潜力

需求侧管理/需求响应 (DSM/DR) 是减轻可再生能源发电率固有可变性的关键策略。据我们所知，本文首次尝试评估合成氨工厂的 DR 潜力。氨厂是 DR 计划的有趣候选者，因为它们消耗大量电力（用于操作驱动合成回路的压缩机）以及相对容易和安全地储存氨产品的能力。我们的方法基于制定和解决氨厂的最佳 DR 调度问题，同时考虑过程动态。为此，我们引入了一种新的受 Hammerstein-Wiener 启发的建模框架，该框架基于在过程的第一性原理静态非线性模型中注入线性动力学。结果令人鼓舞；