As families in the United States (U.S.) are increasingly diverse in race and family structure, it is essential to understand family socialization around identity and possible associations with family relationships and child development. In this study, we investigated adoption communicative openness (i.e., how parents talk about adoption) and racial/cultural socialization among 96 adoptive families (46% completed transracial adoption) with lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parents and school-age children (M_age = 8 years) who lived across the U.S. We found that these practices (described by parents) were associated with children’s reports of parent-child relationships and children’s teachers reports of their academic functioning. We discuss the importance of considering distinct forms of identity socialization practices, as reported by different informants, among adoptive families diverse in race and parental sexual orientation, and as related to associations with individual outcomes and family relationships. We describe how our results could inform future research, policy, and practice.

由于美国 (US) 的家庭在种族和家庭结构方面日益多样化，因此必须了解围绕身份的家庭社会化以及与家庭关系和儿童发展的可能关联。在这项研究中，我们调查了 96 个收养家庭（46% 完成了跨种族收养）与女同性恋、男同性恋和异性恋父母以及学龄儿童（M_年龄 = 8 岁）谁住在美国各地 我们发现这些做法（由父母描述）与孩子的亲子关系报告和孩子的老师关于他们的学业功能的报告有关。我们讨论了考虑不同形式的身份社会化实践的重要性，正如不同的线人所报告的那样，在种族和父母性取向不同的收养家庭中，以及与个人结果和家庭关系的关联相关。我们描述了我们的结果如何为未来的研究、政策和实践提供信息。