OBJECTIVE The present study tested the protective role of youth's school-age extracurricular involvement and multiple informants' reports of adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems in a sample of youth from low-income households. METHOD Participating youth (n = 635, 49% female, 49% White, 28% Black/African American, 14% biracial, 8% other race, 13% Hispanic/Latinx) were drawn from the Early Steps Multisite Study. At ages 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5, primary caregivers reported the number of extracurricular activities for which youth participated (Parent Aftercare Survey). At ages 14 and 16, measures of internalizing and externalizing problems were collected from primary and alternate caregivers (Child Behavior Checklist) and target youth (Child Depression Inventory-Short Form, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and Self-Report of Delinquency). At age 16, target youth also contributed measures of risky sexual behaviors and substance use (Youth Risk Behavior Survey). Teachers contributed measures of youth's internalizing and externalizing problems at age 14 (Teacher Report Form). RESULTS After accounting for the effects of multiple sociodemographic factors, initial levels of child problem behavior, and intervention group status, structural equation models revealed that school-age extracurricular involvement was inversely associated with latent factors representing adolescent externalizing, but not internalizing, problems at ages 14 (β = -.13, p < .01) and 16 (β = -.12, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that low-income, school-age children's involvement in extracurricular activities serves a protective function in relation to adolescent externalizing problems. Future studies should assess underlying mechanisms and expand the scope of adolescent outcomes to include prosocial functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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学龄期的课外参与和低收入青年的青少年问题行为。

目的 本研究在来自低收入家庭的青年样本中测试了青少年学龄课外参与的保护作用以及多个知情人关于青少年内化和外化问题的报告。方法 参与的青年（n = 635，49% 女性，49% 白人，28% 黑人/非裔美国人，14% 混血儿，8% 其他种族，13% 西班牙裔/拉丁裔）来自 Early Steps 多站点研究。在 7.5、8.5 和 9.5 岁时，主要看护人报告了青少年参加的课外活动的数量（家长善后调查）。在 14 岁和 16 岁时，从主要和替代照顾者（儿童行为检查表）和目标青少年（儿童抑郁量表 - 简短形式、儿童多维焦虑量表、和犯罪行为的自我报告）。在 16 岁时，目标青年还提供了对危险性行为和物质使用的测量（青年风险行为调查）。教师提供了青少年在 14 岁时内化和外化问题的衡量标准（教师报告表）。结果 在考虑了多种社会人口因素、儿童问题行为的初始水平和干预组状态的影响后，结构方程模型显示，学龄期课外参与与代表青少年外化而非内化问题的潜在因素呈负相关14 (β = -.13, p < .01) 和 16 (β = -.12, p = .02)。结论 本研究表明，低收入、学龄儿童的 参与课外活动对青少年外化问题起到保护作用。未来的研究应评估潜在机制并扩大青少年结果的范围以包括亲社会功能。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。