Under what conditions can organized labour successfully politicize the European integration process across borders? To answer this question, we compare the European Citizens' Initiatives (ECIs) of two European trade union federations: EPSU's successful Right2Water ECI and ETF's unsuccessful Fair Transport ECI. Our comparison reveals that actor-centred factors matter – namely, unions' ability to create broad coalitions. Successful transnational labour campaigns, however, also depend on structural conditions, namely, the prevailing mode of EU integration pressures faced by unions at a given time. Whereas the Right2Water ECI pre-emptively countered commodification attempts by the European Commission in water services, the Fair Transport ECI attempted to ensure fair working conditions after most of the transport sector had been liberalized. Vertical EU integration attempts that commodify public services are thus more likely to generate successful transnational counter-movements than the horizontal integration pressures on wages and working conditions that followed earlier successful EU liberalization drives.

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为什么一些劳工联盟成功地跨界将欧洲政治化？Right2Water 和公平交通欧洲公民倡议的比较

在什么条件下，有组织的劳工能够成功地将欧洲一体化进程政治化？为了回答这个问题，我们比较了两个欧洲工会联合会的欧洲公民倡议 (ECI)：EPSU 成功的 Right2Water ECI 和 ETF 不成功的公平运输 ECI。我们的比较表明，以行动者为中心的因素很重要——即工会建立广泛联盟的能力。然而，成功的跨国劳工运动也取决于结构条件，即工会在特定时间面临的欧盟一体化压力的普遍模式。Right2Water ECI 先发制人地反对欧盟委员会在供水服务方面的商品化尝试，而公平运输 ECI 则试图确保公平的工作条件。大多数运输部门已经自由化。因此，将公共服务商品化的欧盟纵向一体化尝试比早期成功的欧盟自由化推动后对工资和工作条件的横向一体化压力更有可能产生成功的跨国反运动。