The decennial Census survey marks the emergence of federal classifications of race and ethnicity by which the U.S. government has historically conflated Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI, hereafter) as “Asian or Pacific Islander.” This conflation amplifies health injustices and inequities of NHPIs through multiple mechanisms because it masks the complex and heterogeneous experiences of NHPIs, whose positions and relations with the settler state are qualitatively and substantially distinct from Asian Americans. This critical review examines federal documents and research to examine how the panethnic categorizations are often sustained through scientific inquiry and methodologies. We found that self-determination and self-identification for NHPIs are impeded by settler-colonial relations between U.S. colonization of parts of Oceania (e.g., Hawai'i, Sāmoa, Fiji, and Guam) and the forcefully imposed categorization that continues to be in use to legitimize the domination of Indigenous Peoples through race misclassification. Specifically, Census data collection fails to capture accurate and reliable data due to serious methodological limitations. These implications for psychological research compel us to make several recommendations for psychologists: (1) engage with NHPI community partners in all research processes; (2) critically examine Census research design and consider oversampling NHPI households to ensure just data representation; (3) meaningfully engage when, whether and how to aggregate Asian Americans with NHPIs; and (4) use Indigeneity as a critical framework.

中文翻译：

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夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民的公正数据表示：对人口普查中系统性土著擦除的批判性审查和对心理学家的建议

十年一次的人口普查标志着联邦种族和民族分类的出现，美国政府历来将夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民（NHPI，以下简称为“亚洲或太平洋岛民”）混为一谈。这种混淆通过多种机制放大了 NHPI 的健康不公正和不公平，因为它掩盖了 NHPI 的复杂和异质性经历，他们与定居国的立场和关系在质量上和实质上与亚裔美国人不同。这篇批判性评论检查了联邦文件和研究，以检查泛民族分类通常如何通过科学调查和方法来维持。我们发现 NHPI 的自决和自我认同受到美国在大洋洲部分地区的殖民化（例如，夏威夷、萨摩亚、斐济和关岛）以及继续使用的强行分类，通过种族错误分类使土著人民的统治合法化。具体而言，由于严重的方法限制，人口普查数据收集未能捕获准确可靠的数据。这些对心理学研究的影响迫使我们向心理学家提出几项建议：（1）参与在所有研究过程中与NHPI 社区合作伙伴合作；(2) 严格审查人口普查研究设计，并考虑对 NHPI 家庭进行过度抽样，以确保数据表示公正；(3) 有意义地参与何时、是否以及如何将亚裔美国人与 NHPI 聚集在一起；(4) 使用本土性作为关键框架。